Test Prep - War and Diplomacy

IAC

International Armed Conflict, which must involve two states that are internationally recognized.

NIAC

Non-International Armed Conflict involving at least one non-state actor within the territory of a single state.

Threshold of Intensity

The conflict must exhibit significant violence, including mass destruction, and may cause citizen displacement.

Organization in Conflict

Refers to the structure of a group engaging in conflict, including the presence of leadership and adherence to laws of armed conflict.

Territorial Control

The ability of a group to claim rights over a territory and maintain effective governance.

Effective Control

When a group operates like its own state, issuing licenses and passports.

Overall Control

A state of governance where an organization runs certain bureaucratic functions but may not fully control the territory.

Post-War Transitional Justice

The process of addressing the period between the end of conflict and the establishment of peace.

Conditional Surrender

A scenario in which the conflict is declared over, with no further crimes occurring, and borders are restored.

Annexation

The illegal act of a state claiming territory belonging to another state, opposed under the Geneva Conventions.

Nuremberg Precedent

The principle holding leaders accountable for war crimes and underlings' actions.

ICC

International Criminal Court that deals with individuals, particularly for war crimes.

ICJ

International Court of Justice that resolves disputes between states.

Military Necessity

A principle evaluating whether the military advantage gained justifies the action taken.

Proportionality

A rule assessing if the military action's potential civilian casualties are proportionate to the anticipated military gain.

Protective Categories

Special protections under international humanitarian law for certain entities, such as hospitals and humanitarian relief operations.

War Crime

An act that violates the laws of war, including impeding humanitarian assistance or targeting civilians.

Prohibited Punishments

Actions deemed illegal under international law, including coercion or collective punishment.

Non-Discrimination

The principle ensuring that all individuals are treated equally under international humanitarian law, prohibiting sexual violence.