Chemistry AQA GCSE Year 9 chemical changes/metals

How can you find the order of the reactivity series down to carbon by looking at a periodic table?

Group 1 from the bottom up, then group 2 from bottom up, then group 3 from bottom up

What comes between carbon and hydrogen in the reactivity series?

Zinc and iron (and others, but don't need to know them)

What comes after hydrogen in the reactivity series?

Copper, silver, gold

How do you extract metals above carbon?

By electrolysis

How do you extract metals that are between carbon and hydrogen?

By reduction with carbon

Which metals react with acids and why?

. Metals above H in reactivity series

. All acids contain H+ ions

. Metals more reactive than H can displace it and form a salt

Finish the equation and state the type of reaction: CuCl2 + Mg ->

MgCl2 + Cu, displacement reaction

What is an alloy?

A mixture of two or more metals

Why are alloys harder than pure metals?

. In pure metals, the atoms are arranged in layers that easily slide over each other when a force is applied

. In alloys, there are atoms of different sizes which disrupt these layers so the atoms can no longer easily slide over each other

. This makes alloys harder than pure metals

What is oxidation?

loss of electrons

What is reduction?

gain of electrons

What is needed for iron to oxidise (rust)?

Water and oxygen

How can we prevent iron rusting?

. Remove water (using drying agent)

. Remove oxygen (boil water and put a layer of oil on top)

. Galvanising - coating the metal in a layer of zinc (forms a layer of zinc oxide around metal)

. Sacrificial protection (put a more reactive metal e.g magnesium around the other metal. The reactive metal will corrode in its place.)

What is an ore?

a rock that contains enough of a metal or a metal compound to make extracting the metal economically viable.

What is a native metal?

A metal that can be found uncombined in the Earth's crust.

What is a redox reaction?

When oxidation and reduction happen at the same time

What kind of ions do metals form?

positive ions

What does ductile mean?

can be drawn into wires

What does malleable mean?

can be hammered into different shapes and will still retain its properties

What are 3 useful things to know about transition metals?

. Often form coloured compounds

. Can often be used as catalysts

. Often have more than 1 kind of ion e.g Fe2+ and Fe3+

What is a catalyst?

a material that speeds up a reaction or allows it to happen in conditions it wouldn't normally happen in

What is the charge of a silver ion?

1+

What is the charge of a lead ion?

2+

What is the charge of a copper ion?

2+

What is the charge of a zinc ion?

2+

What is the charge and formula of an ammonium ion?

NH4, charge = 1+

What is the charge and formula of a hydroxide ion?

OH-

What is the charge and formula of a carbonate ion?

CO3, charge = 2-

What is the charge and formula of a nitrate ion?

NO3, charge = 1-

What is the charge and formula of a sulfate ion?

SO4, charge = 2-