deterrence

general

Trying to convince people not to commit crime out of fear of the consequences

selective

targets repeat offenders

perceptual

Most people don't know what the punishment for crimes are

Informal sanctions are often more effective - peer disapproval, social stigma, losing a job, public humiliation

absolute

Overall deterrent of punishment compared to no punishment at all

Wherever you end up on the crime level compared to no punishment at all

marginal

The point where the deterrent doesn't work anymore

We incarcerate the worst offenders first

specific

focused on the individual being punished

Prevents reoffending

hc-replacement

efforts to stop one crime may cause offenders to replace that crime with a different crime

hc- displacement

crime control efforts cause offenders to move crime to another area

hb- diffusion

attempt to prevent one type of crime unintentionally reduces another

hb- discouragement

spreads from one geographic area to another

-DUI checkpoints