1/39
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
Inherited combined immunodeficiency in foals of arabian breeding
A severe, inherited stem cell defect in Arabians and Arabian crossbred horses, which prevents maturation of B and T cells and inhibits expression of antigen-specific receptors on the cell surface.
purebred and part-arabian horses, appaloosa foals, caspian filly
species affected with inherited combined immunodeficiency in foals of arabian breeding
2 to 65 days after birth
most susceptible age of inherited CID in foals
deficiency in both B and T lymphocytes
meaning of combined immunodeficiency
b lymphocyte deficiency
results in failure of immunoglobulin production
T lymphocyte deficiency
results in absence of cellular immunity
Pneumocystic carinii or adenovirus
most common secondary complication of inherited CID
bilateral nasal discharge, deep dry cough, increased heart and respiratory rates, double expiratory effort
clinical signs of inherited CID
persistent lymphopenia
constant finding in clinical pathology in inherited CID
viral interstitial pneumonia and secondary bacterial bronchopneumonia
common lung lesions in inherited CID
multisystemic, eosinophilic, epitheliotropic disease of horses
can cause pulmonary and hepatic diffuse granulomas, the former resulting in veno-occlusive remodeling and epistaxis.
Purpura haemorrhagica
Potentially serious sequela to recent respiratory infection and is observed most frequently following Streptococcus equi infection
type 3 hypersensitivity
a type of immune reaction where antibodies (IgG or IgM) bind to soluble antigens and form immune complexes that circulate in the blood and deposit in various tissues
petechial hemorrhage, vasculitis, skin sloughing, edema
clinical signs of Purpura hemorrhagica
EVA, EIA, Anaplasmosis
DDX of Purpura hemorrhagica
dexamethasone
more effective corticosteroid in early stages of purpura hemorrhagica
immune-mediated thrombocytopenia
inappropriate destruction of mature platelets caused by pressence of foreign antigen on platelet surface resulting in removal of platelet by mononuclear phagocytic system
neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia
may occur in foals from multiparous mares
petechial or ecchymotic hemorrhages, epistaxis, melena, hyphaema
clinical signs of Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia
severe thrombocytopenia, macroplatelets
typical cbc findings in immune-mediated thrombocytopenia
self-antigen, hapten, cross-reactive antigen, secondary to lymphoma
causative agents to IMTP
IMTP secondary to lymphoma
poor prognosis in IMTP case
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
pathologic activation of coagulative and fibrinolytic systems leading to microvascular thrombosis resulting in secondary ischemic organ failure
multiple-site hemorrhage, petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages, thrombi development
clinical signs of DIC
thrombocytopenia, fragmented RBCs, decreased fibrinogen concentration, decreased antithrombin activity
laboratory findings in DIC
brodifacoum
100 times more potent than warfarin
brodifacoum, bromodialone, difenacoum, difethialone, flucoumafen
hydroxycoumarins
chlorphacinone, diphacinone, pindone
indandiones
interference with vitamin k 2,3-epoxide reductase enzyme
MOA of anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning
Vitamin K1
primary treatment for anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning
vitamin k3
contraindicated as treatment in anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning in horses for renal damage
hemophilia A
factor VIII deficiency
thoroughbreds, standardbreds, arabs, quarter horses
occurence of hemophilia a
IgM
main immunoglobulin in colostrum
small lymph nodes
a consistent gross finding in inherited CID
no splenic follicle
indicates the absence of functional lymphoid tissue within the spleen
hypoplastic thymus gland
a key finding in the thymus due to lack of T-lymphocyte development in inherited CID
germinal centers
sites of B-lymphocyte proliferation and antibody production. absence reflects deficiency thereof
corticosteroids
drugs further excacerbating immunodeficiency
interleukin-5
a cytokine that stimulates eosinophil production and activation