Ch 9 Neuroanatomy

The Musculocutaneous nerve innervates the _____________

long head of biceps

Where is the origin of the Musculocutaneous nerve?

Glenoid tubercle

What is the action of the Musculocutaneous nerve?

Flexion (bicep shortens)

The Axillary nerve innervates from the_____________________

shoulder girdle to deltoid

The Axillary nerve functions in __________________

Shoulder abduction

The Axillary nerve originates in which areas?

Clavicle, acromion, spinal scapula

Where is the insertion of the Axillary nerve?

Deltoid tuberosity

Where does the Radial nerve innervate?

Triceps

What is the origin of the Radial nerve?

Posterior humerus

Where is the insertion of the Radial nerve?

Olecranon

What is the action of the Radial nerve?

Elbow extension

What is the action of the Extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis?

Wrist extension

What is the origin of the Extensor carpi radialis?

Lateral epicondyle

Where is the insertion of the Extensor carpi radialis?

2nd and 3rd metacarpal

What is the origin of the Peroneus longus?

Fibula

Where does the Peroneus longus insert?

Plantar base

What is the action of the Peroneus longus?

Eversion

Where does the Tibialis anterior originate?

Tibia

Where is the insertion of the Tibialis anterior?

1st metatarsal

What are the actions of the Tibialis anterior?

Dorsiflexion/Inversion

The Sciatic/Tibial nerves innervate the ______________________

Hamstrings, Gastrocnemius

Where do the hamstrings originate?

Ischial tuberosity

Where is the insertion of the Hamstrings?

Tibia and fibula

What is the action of the hamstrings?

Knee flexion

Where is the origin of the Gastrocnemius?

Femoral condyle

Where is the insertion of the Gastrocnemius?

Calcaneal tuberosity (via Achilles)

What is the action of the gastrocnemius?

Plantar flexion

Where does the Median nerve innervate?

Flexor carpi radialis

The flexor carpi radialis has which action?

Wrist flexion

What is the origin and insertion of the Flexor Capri radialis?

Medial epicondyle, 2nd metacarpal

The Flexor carpi radialis features ___________

thumb muscles

The Ulnar nerve innervates the ________________

Flexor carpi ulnaris

What is the action of the Flexor capri ulnaris?

Wrist flexion

What is the origin and insertion of the Flexor carpi ulnaris?

medial epicondyle, 5th metacarpal

The Flexor carpi ulnaris is involved in _______________

Intrinsic hand muscles

The Obturator nerves are in the action of ______________

hip adduction

What is the origin and insertion of the Obturator?

Pubis, femur

Where does the Femoral nerve innervate?

Quadriceps

More specifically, which quadriceps muscles are innervated by the Femoral nerve?

Vastus medialus, intermedius, lateralus

the Femoral nerve is in the action of ____________

Knee extension

What is the origin and insertion of the Femoral nerve?

Femoral shaft, tibial tuberosity

What levels are affected by the Axillary nerve?

C5-6

What levels are affected by the Radial nerve?

C6-7, T1

What levels are affected by the Femoral nerve?

L2-4

What levels are affected by the Musculocutaneous?

C5-6

What levels are affected by the Median nerve?

C6-8

What levels are affected by the Obturator nerve?

L2-4

What levels are affected by the Ulnar nerve?

C8-T1

What levels are affected by the Peroneal nerve?

L4-5, S1-2

What levels are affected by the Sciatic nerve?

L4-5

After extending past the knee as Sciatic, which levels are affected by the Tibial nerve?

S1-3

In ______________, a lesion causes symptoms in the peripheral area.

Peripheral nerve injury

There are ________ pairs of Cranial nerves.

12

There are ______ pairs of spinal nerves.

31

Do PNS or CNS have poor nerve regeneration?

CNS

Peripheral nerves consist of which 3 types of axons?

Motor axons, sensory axons, autonomic axons

Dorsal ramus innervates what?

Muscles, skin of the back

The Ventral ramus innervates ___________________, and the ____________

lower extremities, trunk

Damage above C3 will cause ___________ to stop

respiration

_________ is glove and stocking sensory loss.

Paresthesia

In PNS recovery, there is roughly _ mm/day rate.

1

In PNS recovery, synapse is made of ________________

target tissue

Muscle weakness due to nerve damage.

Paresis

Condition of low muscle tone.

Hypotonia

The 4 Peripheral nerve groups in the lower extremities:

Femoral, Obturator, Sciatic/Tibial, Peroneal

In ___________, high glucose levels damage peripheral nerves. Symptoms can ascend to anesthesia, not reversible.

Diabetic neuropathy

________________ is a specific area of skin innervated by a specific spinal level.

Dermatome

_____________ is a specific muscle innervated by a specific spinal level.

Myotome

What are the layers of connective tissue covering the peripheral nerve?

Epineurium, perineurium

What does the tibial division of the sciatic nerve innervate?

Hamstrings

The Sciatic nerve is in what plexus?

Sacral

What are the 5 major branches at end of the brachial plexus?

Roots, trunks, division, cords, branches

The Brachial plexus is from what levels?

C5-T1

What nerve innervates the diaphragm?

Phrenic

Where are the motor neuron cell bodies in the spinal cord?

Ventral horn

Another name for a Nerve Root lesion:

Radiculopathy

PAIN: Peripheral nerve lesion pain is ________ to site of lesion

close

PAIN: Nerve root lesion (Radiculopathy) is ________ to the spinal cord.

distal (further away)

Nerve root lesion (radiculopathy) weakness is __________

partial

Peripheral nerve Lesion weakness is ___________

severe

Nerve root lesion (radiculopathy) sensory loss presents _____________ borders

blurred, indistinct

Peripheral nerve Lesion presents _______________ borders

Sharply demarcated

T/F: Dermatomes cross over.

True

Triceps only have 1 peripheral nerve, if it is cut, you have __________

paralysis

_______________ can be defined as specific paralysis, specific muscles that don’t work at all.

Peripheral nerve lesion

_______________ put pressure on spine (common in Radiculopathy)

Herniated disc

This bone provides the funny bone sensation

Ulnar

The __________ muscles are on the femoral shaft

Vastus

_____________ involves glucose damaging the peripheral nerves, starts from toes up. Constant inspection, or amputation like Lavar can happen.

Diabetic neuropathy

Sciatica is an example of ___________

radiculopathy

__________ is permanent “pins and needles” usually in the hands and feet.

Paresthesia

___________ is muscle weakness due to nerve damage.

Paresis

____________ means a total loss of control of muscles.

Flaccid paralysis

The ____________ degenerates first.

Axon

Dorsal = _____________, Ventral = ______________

back, upper/lower extremities

PNS are nerves that connect the _____________________

body and spinal cord

The ___________ plexus is when things split up.

Brachial

T/F: Peripheral nerves come directly from the spinal cord.

False

Nerve roots eventually become ________________

peripheral nerves