AP Euro Wars & Events

Massacre of Vassay

Hugenouts were at a worship service when a Duke of the Catholic Guise family order them all killed

St. Bartholomew Day Massacre

In 1572, many Hugenouts came to watch Henry of Navarre and Charles IX, Catherine Medici was convinced they were a threat to Catholic France and influenced Charles IX to order them dead

War of the 3 Henry's

Henry the III, Henry of Guise (Catholic), and Henry of Navare (converted to Catholicsm at Bathrolomews day massacre); ended with both Henrys dead and Henry Navare, now Henry IV takes throne

Thirty Years War

Had 4 Phases:

• Bohemian Phase - H.R.E and Fernidand II (Catholic) defeated protrstan forces led by Fredrick I at the Battle of White mountain

• Danish Phases - King Christian IV of Denmark took up Protestan cause and was in a anti Catholic and Hasburg alliance with England

• Swedish Phase - war extends beyond H.R.E and King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweeden scores a major victory for Protestants

• French Phase - French enter the war and sides with Protestsnts and mainly fought with Spain to ensure the Hasburgs wouldn't win; war shift to political

English Civil War

a conflcit betwen the king, parliament, and other elites over their respecitvr roles in the political structure

Glorious Revolution

Transfer of power from James II to his daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange, the monarchs were changed without bloodshed

Eight Years War

Started with the Duthc Revolt against their Hasburg rulers which later got folded into the 30 years war

Battle of Vienna

The Ottoman Empire attempted to expand further into Central Europe, to secure better ttading routes along the Danbue River, after this defeat Ottomans ceased expansion

Louis XIV Wars

Did this to expand territory across Frrance, weaken Habsurg influence, and for his own glory

• Dutch War - to gain territory in the Spanish Netherlands and ti weaken Habsburgs (unsuccesful)

• Nine Years War - push for territory in the H.R.E.

• War of Spanish Succession - fought over succession of Spanish throne, many feared Spanisb and France would unite into one Empire effecting Balance of Powers

Seven Years War

• Europe Front - occurrd in Prussia; Fredrick the Great seized the Austrian territory of Silesia

• South Asia - France seized Madras, thr center of British imperial control

• French and Indian War - Nativr Americans sided with French against to British who wanted to keep expanding

French Revolution

A period of radical social and political change in France from 1789 to 1799, marked by the rise of democratic ideals, the overthrow of the monarchy, and the establishment of the First French Republic.

Greek War for Indepndence (1821)

Greece was ruled by the conservative Ottomans so Greek nationalist led a series of rebellions to gain their indepdence

Decemberist Revolt

Grouo of Russian veterans who were influenced by liberal ideas attempted a coup

July Revolution

Occurred in France after Charles X stripped the middle class of voting rights and made attempts to censor the press

Revolution of 1848

A series of political upheavals across Europe

• France - liberalist began to challenge Louis-Phillipe conservaitce status quo plus rise in bread shortsges. After they estbalisbed a republic but thar backfired due to conlfict betwen the middle and weoking class. Napoleon III elected president

• Prussia - delegates gather at Frankfurt assembly to attempt draft a new constitution

• Austria - different ethnic groups, each revolting for various reasons

Revolution of 1905

Many Russians were living in poverty under authoritarian Tsar led to universal manifesto which:

• Universal male suffrage for men

• Citizenship for all Russians

• Freedom of speech

• Representative body called Duma

Crimean War

A conflict from 1853 to 1856 between Russia and an alliance of Britain, France, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia, primarily over territorial disputes and rights in the Holy Land; broke up the Concert of Europe

Wars of German Unification

• Prussian-Danish War (1864)

• Austro-Prussian War (1866)

• Franco-Prussian War (1870)

Bismarck Alliances

• Great Emperors League - Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia

• Reinsurance Treaty - Russia and Germany

• Triple Alliance - Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Congress of Berlin

Meeting to reorganize the Balkans between the great powers, however, it further incressed tensions with them

First and Second Balkan Wars

Conflict between Balkan states over territory and independence from Ottoman Empire, leading to the redrawing of borders and increased regional tensions, these divisions eventually led to world war I

Berlin Conference

Series of meetings where major powers of Europe peacefully negotiated the division of Africa among themselves

Easter Rebellion

Prior to the war the Enlgish parliament was about to pass the home rule bill which would give Ireland their indepdence but put it on hold

Russian Revolution

• Causes: political stagnation, social inequality, incomplete industrialization, food and land distribution, which were all worsened by WWI

• March Revolution - factory workers took to the streets over bread shortages

Russia Civil War

Bolshevik (Red) and anti-Bolshevik (White) forces in Russia following the Russian Revolution driven by political, ideological, and territorial disputes

Hungarian Revolution

Imre Nagy demanded Hungary have free, open elections without Sovist influence and Hungarian indepdence, leading to a brief period of reform before suppression by Soviet forces