Anatomy And Physiology Chapter 23

What are the two systems that cooperate to supply O2 and elimate CO2?

The cardiovsascular and the respiratory system

What does the respiratory system provide

Provides for gas exchange

Cardiovascular system transports what

It transports the respiratory gases

Failure of the Cardiovascular system and Respiratory system has the same effect on the body

Disruption of homeostasis and rapid death of cells from oxygen starvation and buildup of waste products

What is Respiration

The exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood, and cells.

Respiration takes place in three basic steps

Ventilation (breathing), external (pulmonary) respiration and internal (tissue) respiration

Cells continually use what

Continually uses O2 and release CO2

Respiratory system designed for what

Designed for gas exchange

Cardiovascular system transports what

it transports gases in blood

Respiratory System Anatomy of the Pharynx

Throat

Respiratory System Anatomy of the Larynx

Voicebox

Respiratory System Anatomy of the Trachea

Windpipe

Respiratory System Anatomy of the Bronchii

Airways

Infection location of upper respiratory tract is where

Is above the vocal cords

Infection location of lower respiratory tract is where

It is below the vocal cords

The conducting system consists of what

It consists of a series of cavities and tubes- nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchiole, and terminal bronchioles- that conduct air into the lungs

The Respiratory System portion consists of what

it consists of the area where gas exchange occurs- respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli

The skin, nasal bones and cartilage of the External Nasal Structures is lined with what

It is lined with mucous membrane

The openings of the External Nasal Structures is called what

Is called external nares or nostriles

What is the external portion of the nose made up of

It is made up of cartilafe and skin and is lined with mucous membrane. Openings to the exterior are the external nares.

What is the bony framework of the nose formed of

It is formed by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillae

The interior structures of the nose are specialized for what

It is specialized for warming, moistening, and filtering incoming air; receiving olfactory stimuli; and serving as large, hollow resonating chambers to modify speech sounds

What does the internal portion of the nose communicate with

It communicates with the paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx through the internal nares

The inside of both the external and internal nose is called what

It is called the nasal cavitiy. It is divided into right and left sides by the nasal septum

The anterior portion of the cavity in the nose is called what

it is called the vestibule

Nasal Polyps are what

They are outgrowths of the mucous membranes which are usually found around the openings of the paranasal sinuses

What is the function of the olfactory epithelium

It is used for the sense of smell

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells lines what

It lines the nasal cavity which warms air due to high vascularity. Mucous moistens are and traps dust. Cilia moves mucous towards pharynx

Paranasal sinuses open into what

It opens into the nasal cavity. Which is found in ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal and maxillary. Lighten skull and resonate voice

What is rhinoplasty

It is a surgical procedure in which the structure of the external nose is altered for cosmetic or functional reasons (Fracture or septal repair)

What is the procedure for Rhinoplasty

– local and general anesthetic
– nasal cartilage is reshaped through nostrils
– bones fractured and repositioned
– internal packing & splint while healing

What is the Pharynx

It is a muscular tube lined by a mucous membrane

The anatomic regions of the Pharynx are what

The nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

The Nasopharynx functions where

It functions in respiration. Both the oropharynx and laryngopharynx function in digestion and in respiration (serving as a passageway for both are and food)

Anatomy of the Pharynx

Muscular tube (5 inch long) hanging from skull. Skeletal muscle and mucous membrane. Extends from internal nares to cricoid cartilage

Functions of the Pharynx

– passageway for food and air
– resonating chamber for speech production
– tonsil (lymphatic tissue) in the walls protects entryway into body

Nasopharynx from choanae to soft palate

– openings of auditory (Eustachian) tubes from middle ear cavity
– adenoids or pharyngeal tonsil in roof

Nasopharynx Passageway is used for what

It is used for air only. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epitheliun with goblet

Oropharynx from soft palate to epiglottis

– fauces is opening from mouth into oropharynx
– palatine tonsils found in side walls, lingual tonsil in tongue

Common passageway of the Oropharynx is used for what

It is used for food and air. Stratified squamous epithelium

Laryngopharynx extends from what

It extends from epiglottis to cricoid cartilage

Common passageway of the Laryngopharynx is for what

It is for the food and air and ends as esophagus inferiorly. Stratified squamous epithelium

What is the larynx

It is the voice box, a passageway that connects the pharynx with the trachea

What does the larynx contain

It contains the thyroid cartilage (adam’s apple); the epiglottis, which prevents food from entering the larynx; the cricoid cartilage, which connects the larynx and trachea; and the paired arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform cartilages.

The larynx contains what

It contains the vocal folds (true vocal cords), which produce sound. Taunt vocal folds produce high pitches, and relaxed vocal folds produce low pitches, Other structures modify the sound