APUSH Chapter 15

According to the Constitution, which branch of government is responsible for readmitting states that have seceded from the Union?

a. The Constitution does not address this question.

b. The executive branch

c. The judicial branch

d. The legislative branch

a. The Constitution does not address this question.

Which of the following describes Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan, which he announced in December 1863?

a. The plan offered general amnesty to all Confederate citizens who agreed to comply with federal laws.

b. Lincoln created the plan to appeal to southern Democrats, many of whom had served with Lincoln in Congress.

c. It specified that a state could return to the Union when 10 percent of its voters took an oath of loyalty to the Union.

d. The plan declared that a state could reorganize its government when 50 percent of its voters took an oath of loyalty to the Union.

c. It specified that a state could return to the Union when 10 percent of its voters took an oath of loyalty to the Union.

How was the Wade-Davis Bill of 1864 different from Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan?

a. This proposal created an amnesty plan that was more lenient than Lincoln's earlier plan.

b. It stipulated that new southern governments could be formed only by those who had not fought against the North in the Civil War.

c. It required loyalty oaths from 90 percent of a southern state's adult white men before that state could hold a constitutional convention.

d. This more generous plan specified that former slaveholders would receive compensation for their property losses.

b. It stipulated that new southern governments could be formed only by those who had not fought against the North in the Civil War.

How did Abraham Lincoln respond to the Wade Davis Bill in 1864?

a. He vetoed it, but his veto was overridden by Congress, which insisted that Confederates be punished.

b. Lincoln reluctantly agreed to accept it, but the Senate failed to pass it and it never came before him.

c. He did not sign it and he opened talks with key congressional representatives to find a compromise solution.

d. Lincoln publicly refused to sign it and announced in a major speech that he sought a lenient approach to Reconstruction.

c. He did not sign it and he opened talks with key congressional representatives to find a compromise solution.

Southern whites responded to the end of slavery by enacting

a. Black Codes.

b. the Freedmen's Bureau.

c. the Ordinance of Nullification.

d. the Civil Rights Act of 1866.

a. Black Codes.

Under President Johnson's restoration plan, high-ranking Confederate leaders and wealthy southerners

a. were generally imprisoned for a period of time ranging from one month to three years.

b. could avoid punishment by taking a special oath of allegiance to the Union and the president.

c. could serve as delegates to conventions that were called to consider ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment.

d. could request and expect to receive presidential pardons that exempted them from punishment.

c. could serve as delegates to conventions that were called to consider ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment.

Which of the following statements describes the Freedmen's Bureau, which originated in 1865?

a. Founded by ex-Confederate states, the organization helped rebuild the South.

b. Created by private citizens, the agency provided aid to former slaves.

c. It was originally proposed in Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan, which Congress defeated.

d. Created by Congress, it helped ex-slaves adjust to freedom and secure their basic civil rights.

d. Created by Congress, it helped ex-slaves adjust to freedom and secure their basic civil rights.

The Civil Rights Act of 1866

a. guaranteed suffrage for all adult freedmen.

b. required freedmen, like immigrants, to wait five years for U.S. citizenship.

c. declared freedmen to be citizens and gave them full access to the courts.

d. asserted that all former slaves would receive equal protection under the law.

d. asserted that all former slaves would receive equal protection under the law.

Why did President Johnson veto the Freedmen's Bureau law and Civil Rights Act in 1866?

a. Johnson did not get along with the Radical Republicans.

b. He sought revenge against the Radical Republicans for opposing his Reconstruction plan.

c. These two pieces of legislation posed too great a challenge to his deeply racist views.

d. He believed they violated the core tenets of the Republican Party.

c. These two pieces of legislation posed too great a challenge to his deeply racist views.

Which of these events spurred Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act in April 1866?

a. The emergence of the Ku Klux Klan

b. Johnson's threat to impose Reconstruction through military force

c. The eruption of antiblack violence in various parts of the South

d. A precipitous decline in Johnson's political support

c. The eruption of antiblack violence in various parts of the South

Which of the following scenarios took place in the federal government immediately after Congress passed the Civil Rights Act in April 1866?

a. Congressional Republicans enacted the Freedmen's Bureau law over Johnson's veto.

b. Radical Republicans formulated a plan to seek Johnson's impeachment.

c. Republican leaders decided that they had accomplished all they could before the midterm election.

d. Republicans introduced an amendment declaring that "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" were citizens.

d. Republicans introduced an amendment declaring that "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" were citizens.

Which of the following statements describes Radical Reconstruction?

a. It aimed to reform the South and increase federal power.

b. It demonstrated that even Radical Republicans would sacrifice the rights of freed slaves.

c. The program gave each freed slave forty acres of land and a mule.

d. There was no way the South could have avoided the institution of Radical Reconstruction.

a. It aimed to reform the South and increase federal power.

Which of the following was the final outcome of the congressional campaigns and elections of 1866?

a. Conservative Republicans and Democrats united to form the National Union Party and won 105 seats in the House.

b. Johnson's personal campaigning from Washington to St. Louis and Chicago won back supporters to the Republican Party.

c. Johnson suffered a humiliating defeat as Republicans gained a three-to-one margin in Congress.

d. Voters expressed their disapproval of the Freedmen's Bureau law and the Fourteenth Amendment.

c. Johnson suffered a humiliating defeat as Republicans gained a three-to-one margin in Congress.

Which of the following pairs identified with the Radical Republicans?

a. President Lincoln and Andrew Johnson

b. Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens

c. Lyman Trumbell and Nathan Bedford Forrest

d. James M. Pike and Hiram Revels

b. Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens

Which of the following was the official reason Congress cited for impeaching Andrew Johnson?

a. He infringed on the powers of Congress.

b. He attempted to undermine Radical Reconstruction.

c. Johnson dismissed Secretary of State William Seward.

d. He refused to support any of the Civil War amendments.

a. He infringed on the powers of Congress.

Which of the following statements characterizes the congressional impeachment of Andrew Johnson?

a. Johnson was the only president ever to be impeached and removed from office in American history.

b. Radical Republicans failed to remove Johnson from office, but they damaged his power and authority.

c. Moderate Republicans joined with the Radicals to impeach Johnson, but the Supreme Court overturned his impeachment on appeal.

d. In return for Johnson's promise not to oppose the Radical Republicans' plans, the Senate acquitted him.

b. Radical Republicans failed to remove Johnson from office, but they damaged his power and authority.

What was the outcome of the 1868 election?

a. Democrats swept the South, promising that southern states could reorganize their own governments.

b. Republicans lost their two-thirds majority in the Senate due to the readmission of rebel states.

c. Republicans won the presidency and retained their two-thirds majority in both houses.

d. Democrats gained a Senate majority but were unable to capture the presidency or the House.

c. Republicans won the presidency and retained their two-thirds majority in both houses.

Ratified in 1870, the Fifteenth Amendment

a. prohibited state governments from using property requirements to disqualify blacks from voting.

b. granted voting rights to all adult African Americans in every state.

c. prohibited state governments from using literacy tests to prevent blacks from voting.

d. forbade states from denying any citizen the right to vote on the grounds of race, color, or previous condition as a slave.

d. forbade states from denying any citizen the right to vote on the grounds of race, color, or previous condition as a slave.

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

a. Thirteenth Amendment—citizenship for African Americans

b. Fourteenth Amendment—abolished slavery

c. Fifteenth Amendment—gave African American males the right to vote

d. Civil Rights Act of 1866—allowed formerly enslaved people full access to the courts

d. Civil Rights Act of 1866—allowed formerly enslaved people full access to the courts

Through which of the following practices did southerners avoid giving former slaves the right to vote?

a. Collecting poll taxes

b. Ending right-to-work laws

c. Driving African American men out of the state

d. Waving the bloody shirt

a. Collecting poll taxes

Why was it necessary to add the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution following the Civil War?

a. The Constitution outlawed the federal government's interference with state laws.

b. The Bill of Rights gave state laws precedence over federal laws.

c. The Constitution had condoned slavery and allowed states to set voting requirements.

d. It wasn't necessary; they were passed merely for emphasis and propaganda.

c. The Constitution had condoned slavery and allowed states to set voting requirements.

Which of these reforms originated with the Grant administration?

a. Securing the right to vote for all male U.S. citizens regardless of race

b. Granting equal property rights for women

c. Enacting compulsory school attendance laws for all states

d. Providing for the direct election of U.S. senators

a. Securing the right to vote for all male U.S. citizens regardless of race

Which of the following was Elizabeth Cady Stanton's response to the denial of women's suffrage while freedmen and immigrant men were being enfranchised?

a. She urged women to be patient and remain loyal to the Republican Party.

b. She felt that men were better suited to vote than women and supported the Republic Party.

c. She made a racist attack on the uneducated black men who could vote while educated white women could not.

d. She understood the value of granting the right to vote to all men but still remained a supporter of women's suffrage.

c. She made a racist attack on the uneducated black men who could vote while educated white women could not.

Granting suffrage to African American males caused

a. joyful celebrations throughout the North.

b. hundreds of women's protests in the Northeast.

c. a split in the women's movement.

d. antiblack rioting in New York City.

c. a split in the women's movement.

Which of the following statements characterizes the women's suffrage movement after the Civil War?

a. Many feminists who had been abolitionists were disappointed that the Fifteenth Amendment made no reference to gender and permitted states to continue to deny suffrage to women.

b. Most suffragists agreed that they should concentrate on securing voting rights for African American men as a means to press for the same rights for all women.

c. Most feminists opposed the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment because it did not give equal protection to women.

d. Disappointed with the Republican Party's failure to win voting rights for women, most suffragists aligned with the Democratic Party after 1869.

b. Most suffragists agreed that they should concentrate on securing voting rights for African American men as a means to press for the same rights for all women.

Expecting freedom from slavery near the end of the Civil War, most African Americans were eager to

a. find the means to move to the North and seek employment.

b. elect African American politicians in order to secure their political rights.

c. vote and secure land for economic independence.

d. form charities to help former slaves establish independence from their masters.

c. vote and secure land for economic independence.

Which of the following statements describes the resettlement of former slaves in the South?

a. Under Johnson's amnesty plan, ex-Confederates were allowed to recover their land, and freedmen were forced to work for them or leave.

b. The Freedmen's Bureau permanently resettled 10,000 African American families on "Sherman lands."

c. Bands of ex-Confederate soldiers and plantation owners drove African Americans from the confiscated land that they were occupying.

d. Every former slave was given forty acres and a mule in compensation for their years of forced labor.

a. Under Johnson's amnesty plan, ex-Confederates were allowed to recover their land, and freedmen were forced to work for them or leave.

Why were many congressional leaders unwilling to consider breaking up plantations and distributing plots for independent farms to freed slaves?

a. The leaders did not think slaves were capable of farming their own land.

b. They hoped to restore cotton cultivation and the export of American cotton.

c. Most congressional representatives wanted to see the Industrial Revolution transform the South.

d. Freed slaves had expressed their desire to work in occupations other than farming.

b. They hoped to restore cotton cultivation and the export of American cotton.

Which of these statements describes the status of African American women in the Reconstruction-era South?

a. Most freedmen refused to allow their wives to work alongside them in the fields.

b. In the Reconstruction-era South, freedwomen had the same rights and status as freedmen.

c. Emancipation may have increased the subordination of African American women in the black household.

d. Freedwomen valued their new right to marry legally and their opportunity to create a stable family life.

d. Freedwomen valued their new right to marry legally and their opportunity to create a stable family life.

Many African American sharecroppers became trapped in a vicious cycle of debt after the Civil War mainly because

a. southern banks charged blacks much higher interest rates than they charged whites.

b. they could not pay the high prices and interest that whites charged as the price of cotton declined in the 1870s.

c. state laws required blacks to pay for purchases by establishing credit lines that they could pay off only once annually.

d. federal banking laws included "usury" regulations that in fact allowed southern banks to cheat freedmen.

b. they could not pay the high prices and interest that whites charged as the price of cotton declined in the 1870s.

Which statement describes the sharecropping system that emerged to replace slavery in the South after the Civil War?

a. It created an equal partnership between tenant farmer and owner.

b. Most sharecroppers believed it was preferable to a wage labor system.

c. Sharecroppers were often worse off than slaves had been.

d. Through sharecropping, freed slaves were able to advance very well economically.

b. Most sharecroppers believed it was preferable to a wage labor system.

Which of the following groups composed the largest percentage of registered voters in Alabama and Mississippi in the late 1860s?

a. Former Confederates

b. White Unionists

c. White Republicans

d. Black Republicans

d. Black Republicans

Some southerners used the term scalawags to describe

a. freed slaves who were demanding equality.

b. northerners in the South during Reconstruction.

c. southerners who supported the process of Reconstruction.

d. Freedmen's Bureau officials and teachers.

c. southerners who supported the process of Reconstruction.

During Reconstruction, why was southern Democrats' dismissal of black politicians as ignorant field hands misguided?

a. While all had been slaves, some had been house servants.

b. Many had been free artisans or tradesmen.

c. The majority of politicians were free blacks from the North.

d. Those elected to public office had served in the Union army.

b. Many had been free artisans or tradesmen.

Those who participated in the creation and implementation of Radical Reconstruction intended to

a. achieve a new southern society in the North's image .

b. bring the South back into the Union with minimal bitterness.

c. rebuild the South's shattered infrastructure.

d. create a new South with full equality and without racism.

d. create a new South with full equality and without racism.

Southern Republican state Reconstruction governments pursued which of the following goals?

a. Ending the sharecropping system

b. Expanding the legal rights of married women.

c. Giving ex-slaves a mule and forty acres of land

d. Strengthening cotton agriculture

b. Expanding the legal rights of married women.

A secret organization that functioned as the grassroots wing of Radical Republicanism in the South was called the

a. Union League.

b. Populist Party.

c. Republican Brotherhood.

d. Carpetbaggers Club.

a. Union League.

The Republican state Reconstruction governments in the South made significant and long-lasting achievements in

a. public education.

b. African American civil rights.

c. labor organizing.

d. black leadership development.

a. public education.

One critical flaw of southern Reconstruction governments was their

a. failure to address the issue of women's rights.

b. emphasis on promoting public education for black but not white children.

c. support of the convict leasing system.

d. failure to exclude religious institutions from government.

c. support of the convict leasing system.

Which of the following became critical community institutions for African Americans throughout the South during Reconstruction?

a. Local boards of health

b. Churches

c. New black colleges

d. City parks

b. Churches

Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1875 significant?

a. The act required the desegregation of both churches and schools throughout the South.

b. It failed to address the issue of women's suffrage and add the word sex to the Constitution.

c. The legislation was the last congressional effort to address civil rights until the 1960s.

d. It failed to achieve ratification and broke Charles Sumner's heart and health.

c. The legislation was the last congressional effort to address civil rights until the 1960s.

Which politician's death marked the waning of Radical Reconstruction?

a. Abraham Lincoln

b. Charles Sumner

c. Andrew Johnson

d. William Seward

b. Charles Sumner

In the 1872 presidential election, the still disorganized Democratic Party

a. demanded civil rights for African Americans.

b. allied with the reform-minded Liberal Republicans.

c. supported Samuel Tilden for president.

d. exposed the Whiskey Ring scandals.

b. allied with the reform-minded Liberal Republicans.

Ex-Confederates who sought to return political and economic control of the South to white southerners after the Civil War were known as

a. nullifiers.

b. carpetbaggers.

c. Redeemers.

d. secessionists.

c. Redeemers.

What was the goal of the Ku Klux Klan under the leadership of former Confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest in 1866?

a. To fight against the advancement of all blacks in the South

b. To use any means to damage the Republican government of Tennessee

c. To renew the Confederate cause and fight for independence from the Union

d. To persuade the Republic government in Tennessee to repeal some Reconstruction legislation

b. To use any means to damage the Republican government of Tennessee

In the Reconstruction South, the Ku Klux Klan was

a. often indistinguishable from the Democratic Party.

b. organized in Texas in 1868 and spread quickly throughout the South.

c. never the object of federal legislation to suppress it.

d. careful to avoid arousing congressional ire.

a. often indistinguishable from the Democratic Party.

Reconstruction ended in 1877 because

a. African American government leaders in the South were incompetent.

b. the North lost interest in the cause.

c. the Democratic Party lost its political base in the South.

d. the northern government had achieved all it had planned.

b. the North lost interest in the cause.

Why did Republicans nominate Rutherford B. Hayes for president in 1876?

a. He had won a reputation for honesty and appeared to be safe from charges of corruption.

b. His state, New York, was crucial to winning the election.

c. He promised to end Reconstruction, which had become a Republican liability.

d. His relationship with Grant would protect prominent but corrupt Republicans.

a. He had won a reputation for honesty and appeared to be safe from charges of corruption.

Which of the following statements describes the election of 1876?

a. President Grant ran for, but failed to win, an unprecedented third term.

b. The Democratic candidate won the popular vote but not the electoral vote.

c. The Republican candidate won the popular vote, but several minor parties siphoned off enough electoral votes to force the election into the House of Representatives.

d. The Democratic candidate won the popular vote, but Republican officials in three southern states certified Republican victories, sending two sets of electoral votes to Congress.

d. The Democratic candidate won the popular vote, but Republican officials in three southern states certified Republican victories, sending two sets of electoral votes to Congress.

Why was the election of 1876 significant?

a. The election was proof that most voters wanted to continue military Reconstruction in the South.

b. The outcome was determined by an electoral commission established by Congress.

c. It was disrupted by the third-party candidacy of Horace Greeley.

d. It served as proof that southern Republican leaders were incompetent.

b. The outcome was determined by an electoral commission established by Congress.

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