Exercise 1 AP1

Anatomical position

Body is upright; feet apart; feet and head facing forward; arms at sides; palms facing forward add

Regional anatomy

Subdivides the body into two main regions: axial and appendicular

Axial region

Head, neck, trunk (thorax, abdomen, pelvis)

Appendicular region

Limbs (arms, legs, hands, feet)

Superior

Above

Inferior

Below

Anterior

Front

Posterior

Back

Medial

Closer to midline

Lateral

Farther away

Cephalad

Closer to head (animal)

Caudal

Closer to tail

Ventral

Belly side (front)

Dorsal

Back side

Proximal

Closer to the trunk

Distal

Towards the ends of the limbs (appendicular regions)

Superficial

Surface level (closer to the surface of the body)

Deep

To the core of the body

Median plane

50/50 cut (in half down midline)

Frontal plane

Cut to the side into anterior/posterior halves

Transverse plane

Across (GI tract to look down on organs)

ParaSagittal plane

Not perfect 50/50 cut down midline

Oblique plane

Diagonal cross

Dorsal body cavity

Back; cranial cavity and vertebral cavity

Cranial cavity

Brain

Vertebral cavity

Contains spinal cord

Oral cavity (orbit)

Nasal cavity

Oral cavity (mouth)

Middle ear cavity

Synovial cavity

In a joint between neck vertebrae (open space with fluid- can also be found in fingers and toes)

Ventral body cavity

Front; thoracic, abdominal, pelvic

Thoracic cavity

Heart and lungs; pleural cavity, mediastinum, pericardial cavity

Pleural cavity

Mediastinum

Space inbetween the lungs

Pericardial cavity

Abdominal cavity

Digestive organs

Pelvic cavity

Urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

Right upper quadrant (RUQ)

Left upper quadrant (LUQ)

Right lower quadrant (RLQ)

Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Right hypochondriac region

Liver, gallbladder

Epigastric region

Stomach

Left hypochondriac region

Diaphragm, spleen

Right lateral (lumbar) region

Ascending colon of large intestine

Umbilical region

Small intestine, transverse colon of large intestine

Left lateral (lumbar) region

Descending colon of large intestine

Right inguinal (iliac) region

Cecum, appendix

Pubic (hypogastric) region

Urinary bladder

Left inguinal (iliac)region

Initial part of sigmoid colon

Serosa

Thin, double layered membranes; parietal and visceral; lubricates visceral organs and protects organs from spreading infection

Parietal serosa

Not touching organ

Visceral serosa

Touching organ

Pericardium serosa

Heart

Parietal pericardium

Visceral pericardium

Pleura serosa

Lungs

Parietal pleura

Visceral pleura

Peritoneum serosa

Abdominal organs (liver, stomach, large/small intestine, etc)

Pleura peritoneum

Visceral peritoneum