chem again

diabetic more like lameabetic

what is the only polar functinal group that reacts with kmno4

aldehydes

aldehyde suffix

al

ketone suffix

one

ester suffix

oate

How to identify if an alcohol is tertiary

acidified potassium dichromate. K₂Cr₂O₇ or KMnO₄. Does not react.

what do Tollen's reagent and Fehling's solution do

test for aldehydes (they react in them)

what to test with bromine water

test for unsaturation if a double bond is present it loses its colour

How to test for carboxylic acids

Mix with sodium carbonate and then test the gas with limewater

what is mass spectrometry

identifies compounds by measuring the mass-to-charge ratio of their ions and presenting the results as a mass spectrum

what is Infrared Spectroscopy

infrared (IR) radiation to determine the functional groups

what is a carboxilic acid

on the end of a chain a double bonded O and also bonded to an oh

what is a phenol

an oh attached to a benzine ring

what is an alkyl halide

an alkane with a halogen attatched

is a keytone in the middle or on the end of a molecule

middle

is an aldehyde in the middle or end of a molecule

end

what is an amine

derived from ammonie (nh3) it is a nitrogen with two H atached OR it is in the middel of a molecule.

how to name amines

name everything as branches coming off it

how to name branches of branches

x-(y-subbranchname yl mainbranchname yl) x: number of overall branch y: number in sub branch

how to name an alcohol on a branch

hydroxy-branchname

Aldehyde/ketone on a branch

oxo - branchname

what has the highest priority for numbering

carboxylic acid

what has the lowest priority for numbering

alkane branches (eg methyl)

What is the order of priority between alcohols ketones and aldehydes

Aldyhydes>ketones>alcohols

What takes the ordering priority alkenes or halogens

alkenes

how to differentiate between a ketone and an aldehyde and what type of reaction is it

K₂Cr₂O₇ or KMnO₄ reacts with aldehydes but not ketones. this is oxidation

what is an ester

where a carbon is bonded to one side of the molecules, double bonded to an oxygen and bonded to another oxygen that goes along to the rest of the group

how to name an ester

treat the extension as an yl group and then normal for the non oxygen side and use the suffix oate

what is an amino acid how to name

a carbon is atttached to a hydrogen, an amine group and a carboxyl group; it will be the main group and use -oic acid suffix

what is a nucleophile

attracted to positive and usually have a lone pair or double bond

what is a phenyl branch

benzine!

what is it called when you have an oxygen bonded in the middle splitting the component

an ether

how to tell if something is polar

either not too long with oxygens and nitrogens or lots of them

what will come up as acidic

carboxylic acid and benzene

also slighly ketones, aldehydes and alcohols but dont rely on it.

what will come up as basic

amines and amide (stuff with nitrogen)

What is the order of priority between

what is br2h2o (bromine water) used to test for

alkenes and alkynes

what does silver nitrate (AgNO3) test for

alkyl halides

what does HCL test for

Amines

what is the only polar functinal group that reacts with kmno4

aldehydes

aldehyde suffix

al

ketone suffix

one

ester suffix

oate