CBL- Cells: The Building Blocks of Life

cells

the smallest unit of life

cell membrane

the outer protective covering of the cell; selectively permeable; uses osmosis, protein channels, and active transport to let materials in and out of the cell; receptor proteins receive and transmit messages into a cell

centrosome

the centriole containing the region of clear cytoplasm adjacent to nucleus; plays a vital role in the cell cycle because it is responsible for distribution of chromosomes to newly forming cells

chomatin

a complex of a nucleic acid with basic proteins (as histone) in eukaryotic cells that is usually dispersed in the interphase nucleus and condensed into chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis

cytoplasm

the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding nucleus

cytokinesis

the division of the cytoplasm of a plant or animal cell into two

endoplasmic reticulum

network of interconnected structures that function especially in the transport of materials within the cell

genes

structures that carry inherited characteristics

genome

a total set of chromosomes with the genes they contain, consisting of strings of DNA nucleotides

golgi apparatus

a cytoplasmic organelle that consists of a stack of smooth membranous saccules and associated vesicles and that is active in the modification and transport of proteins; shipping & storage warehouse of the cell; responsible for carbohydrate synthesis

glycolysis

the breakdown of glucose inside a cells

lysosomes

a sac-like cellular organelle that contains various hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes; clean up/garbage disposal of the cell

meiosis

form of cellular reproduction specific to sex cells in all sexually reproducing single-celled and multicelled eukaryotes

mitochondria

the “powerhouse of the cell” found outside the nucleus; responsible for producing energy for the cell through the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats via chemical rxns

mitosis

form of cellular reproduction that occurs in the nucleus of a dividing cell resulting in the formation of two new nuclei each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus

nucleolus

located inside the nucleus; responsible for the reproduction of ribosomes

nucleus

a mass located in the cytoplasm of a cell, separated from the cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane, considered the control center of the cell

organ

a differentiated structure (as a heart or kidney) consisting of cells and tissues and performing some specific function in an organism

organelles

a specialized cellular part (as a mitochondrion or ribosomes) that is analogous to an organ

pinocytic vesssels

pocket-like folds located in the cell membrane allowing the entrance and storage of large molecules such as proteins and fats

tissues

an aggregate of cells usually of a particular kind together with their intercellular substance that form one of the structural materials of a plant or animal and that in animals include connective tissue, epithelium, muscle tissue, and nerve tissue

protoplasm

the basic substance of all life; forms the cell

stem cells

an unspecialized cell that gives rise to differentiated cells

system

a group of body organs or structures that together perform one or more vital functions

vacuoles

pouch-like storage structures located throughout the cytoplasm

hypertrophy

when cells enlarge caused by an increase of proteins in the cell membrane and cell structures, not an increase in the cells fluid

hyperplasia

the number of cells increases; there is an increased rate of cell division

dysplasia

the size, shape, or organization of mature cells becomes abnormal; also called atypical hyperplasia

neoplasia

the formation of tumors, either cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign)

cell cycle

the series of events including the growth, replication, and division of a eukaryotic cell

vesicle

small structure consisting of fluid enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane

ribosomes

spherical structures made of RNA & proteins where protein synthesis occurs

rough endoplasmic reticulum

surrounds the nucleus; decorated w/ ribosomes

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

located near rough ER; controls fat transport and sex hormone synthesis

cytosol

crowded solution of different types of molecules that fills much of the volume of the cells

cilia & flagella

motility extensions of certain cells; cilia- hairlike protrusions that move materials across cell surfaces; flagellum- one tail like structure that propels a cell through a medium

#1

nucleolus

#2

nucleus

#3

ribosomes

#4

vesicle

#5

rough endoplasmic reticulum

#6

golgi apparatus

#7

cytoplasm

#8

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

#9

mitochondria

#10

vacuole

#11

cytosol

#12

lysosome

#13

centrosome

#14

cell membrane

#15

cilia & flagella