pp111 midterm

'we' = essentially the soul (philosopher)

Plato

'we' = persons first & foremost

John Locke

"we" = body & soul (philosopher)

Diotima

3 possibilities with brain fission

I do not survive, I survive as one of the two people, I survive as both

a criterion that counts a person at one time as numerically identical with that person at a later time in virtue of psychological relationships

psychological criterion

a descriptive term applied to all humans

onipa

a hypothetical procedure, usually involving the division & transplant of a subject's brain that results in 2 recipients

brain fission

a normative term that focuses on our rights & obligations, applies to some people

onipa

a statement in an argument that offers support for conclusions

premise

an argument in which the premises purport to give conclusive reasons for accepting the conclusion

deductive argument

an argument that is logically valid & also has all true premises

sound argument

an argument where its premises & conclusion are related in such a way that it is impossible for the conclusion to be false if all premises are true

valid argument

ancient philosopher that believed reality is flux, considered fire to be the most fundamental elemental

Heraclitus

beliefs that can be found through any of our 5 senses

sensory beliefs

beliefs that can come from reason alone

mathematical beliefs

believes sameness of a person consists in continuity of consciousness

Locke

believes that identity is transitive but memory is not

Reid

change & sameness are opposites, so nothing can both change & remain the same

incompatibility thesis

change or transformation

flux

concept in which certain entities are not real; the do not exist & it is wrong to say so

metaphysical eliminativism

concept in which certain entities are real & they exist over & above any elements that comprise them

metaphysical realism

concept in which certain entities are real, but are reductible to elements that comprise them

metaphysical reductionism

hypothesis that an all powerful being whose sole purpose is to deceive you about everything is currently deceiving you

evil genius hypothesis

items that share the same features

qualitative identity

knowledge is comprised of 3 things

belief, truth, justification

philosopher best known as a critic of the skeptical tendencies in empiricist philosophy

Thomas Reid

philosopher that believed change meant that we turn into different entities; procreation is the closest we can come to immortality

Diotima

philosopher that believed motion is impossible & the appearance of motion is always an illusion

Zeno

philosopher that believed that numbers are permanent, numbers & their relations to one another are all that is real

Pythagoras

philosopher that believed we have souls that stay the same throughout persisting

Plato

philosopher that developed one of the most modern responses to the problem of personal identity

John Locke

philosopher that held that we can only thing about what exists; if we speak or think at all, then it must exist

Parmenides

question that can be settled through observation

empirical question

question that cannot be settled by being asked or by doing a test

philosophical question

Reid believes that ___________ is transitive, while _________ is not, therefore _______ cannot be the basis of personal identity

identity, memory, memory

Reid's self is comprised of 4 parts;

unchanging, indivisible, something we are convinced exist, & metaphysically real

some changes in an object are so insignificant that they do not prevent it from being the same object after it undergoes such changes

compatibility thesis

term used by Plato to refer to things that are knowable only through the exercise of reason or intellect

intelligible things

term used by Plato to refer to things with which we are acquainted through sensory experience

sensible things

the idea that if a is equal to b, & b is equal to c, then a must also be equal to c

transitive identity

the idea that to be a person is to be a bearer of moral & legal rights & responsibilities

forensic conception of persons

the levels of doubt (give levels & philosopher)

sensory deception, dreaming, evil genius hypothesis (Descartes)

theory of selves that identifies selves with collections of psychological characteristics that change their constituents over time

bundle theory of the self

two distinct items; not one in the same thing

numerical identity

two persons or one person at two times are said to be psychologically continuous when there is only insignificant psychological change from one to the other

psychological continuity

two things are said to be physically continuous with one another when there is only insignificant physical change from one to the other

physical continuity

we shouldn't throw all of our beliefs away. preserve older stock of truths with a minimum of modification

James

when you fall into a state of doubt, you get rid of all doubt, swept them wholly (philosopher)

Descartes

which philosopher is a metaphysical eliminativist about the self?

Nagasena

which philosopher is a metaphysical reductionist about the self?

Hume

which philosophers believe that objects change but don't persist?

Heraclitus & Buddha

which philosophers believe that objects persist but don't really change?

Parmenides & Zeno