BIO 141 Exam 1

Dr. Hardcastle's BIO Exam 1

Which is not an example of emergent property?

A.) the heart pumping blood through the body

B.) cities

C.) organ systems

D.) organisms cells

Organisms cells

What organelle is only found in plants?

Central vacuole

What is stored in central vacuoles?

Anthocyanin pigments, water, and crystals

What is biology?

The study of life

How many elements are essential to life?

25

What is hydrogen bonding?

1\.) a type of bond holding water molecules together

2\.) hydrogen bonded to either nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine

3\.) a weak bond

Mass number is…

protons + neutrons

Which is not an isotope of hydrogen?

A.) hydrogen

B.) deuterium

C.) tritium

D.) H-13

H-13

What is covalent bonding?

Sharing of electrons between two atoms

What percent of cells are made up of water?

70-95%

What is tetravalency?

4 valence electrons, the ability to form 4 bonds

What are the emergent properties of water?

cohesion/adhesion, moderation of temperatures, insulation of bodies of water by floating ice, solvent of life

What happens in the bicarbonate buffer system when H+ ions are added to the system?

rxn shifts to the left and the bicarbonate ion accepts more H+

Name the functional group

hydroxyl

Name the functional group

carboxyl

what are macromolecules?

large molecules essential for life

17 T/F: Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are macromolecules?

17 True

What type of bond is a glycosidic linkage?

covalent bonds

what is the primary function of cellulose?

cell wall structural support

what is dehydration synthesis?

removing a water molecule to bind two molecules together

What is the main function group present in carbohydrates?

carbonyl

identify this structures primary function

plant food storage

what type of structure is this protein displaying?

tertiary

T/F denaturing a protein is reversible.

False

Is this structure purine or pyrimidine?

purine

what is unique about this structure?

A.) it contains 3 fatty acids

B.) it forms hydrogen bonds

C.) found in hormones

D.) it is an amphipathic molecule

it is an amphipathic molecule

what type of microscope produces a 3-D image?

scanning electron microscope

T/F Hypothesis are concrete (non-changeable) answers to questions.

false

what electrons are most important in creating chemical bonds?

valence electrons

what does chemical equilibrium mean? (two answers)

A.) the reaction is balanced

B.) the amount of reactants and products are always equal

C.) the rates of both the forward and backward rxn are equal

D.) the chemicals are the same in both the reactants and products

the amount of reactants and products are always equal, and the rates of both the forward and backward rxn are equal.

what type of microscope is used most often in lab?

light microscope

why do humans sweat and dogs pant to cool themselves on hot days?

the warmest molecules turn to gas first and lowers body temperature.

which is not found in prokaryotic cells (two choices)

A.) nucleus

B.) DNA

C.) cell membrane

D.) endoplasmic reticulum

nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum

Function of nucleolus

ribosome synthesis

How does DNA spend 95% of its time in the nucleus?

A.) chromatin (relaxed state)

B.) supercoiled/ condensed

chromatin (relaxed state)

Which is not a function of central vacuoles?

A.) storage

B.) support

C.) metabolism

D.) transportation

transportation

Why do organisms enter endosymbiotic relationships?

both organisms benefit from it

What process does mitochondria go through?

Cellular respiration

What is the function of chloroplast?

photosynthesis

How many separate sets of genes do plants have?

3 sets

How many sets of genes do animals have?

2 sets

What is the cytoskeleton?

fibers running through the cytoplasm

Wat is the function of microtubules during cell division?

Make spindle fibers that pull chromosomes apart

What protein makes microfilaments?

A.) actin

B.) tubulin

actin

How do plant cell walls stick to each other?

middle lamella