Function Groups and Eukaryotic Cells & Theory of Endosymbiosis

what are functional groups?

common groups of atoms that attach to organic molecules

what are the function groups?

methyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl group, phosphate group

nucleus

control center

ribosome

protein synthesis

rough er

makes and folds protein

smooth er

lipids and detoxification

Golgi appartaus

modifies, sorts and ships proteins

mitochondria

powerhouse, ATP production

lysosome

breaks down waste and old organelles

cell wall

supports and protects

cell membrane

controls what comes in and out of the cell

vacuole

storage

chloroplast

photosynthesis

prokaryote

• no nucleus

• no sub-cellular organelles

• bacteria and archaea

eukaryote

• has a nucleus

• has sub-cellular organelles

• all other organisms on the planet

cytoskeleton and components

• maintain cell shape, support, and allow cell movement

• microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

plasma membrane and its permiability

• controls what enters and exits the cell

• selectively permeable (only lets certain things through)

endomembrane system (Golgi)

• membranes and organelles that work to modify, pack, and ship proteins and lipids

• they exist from pre-existing membranes or via endosymbiosis

nucleus

• 2-layer envelope

• lamina made of protein filaments

• nuclear pores allow transport in/out

• it contains DNA

• makes RNA and assembles ribosome subunits

free vs fixed ribosomes

• free ribosomes make proteins for the cytosol

• fixed ribosomes make proteins for secretion, membranes or organelles

peroxisomes

break down fatty acids

vacuoles (plant and animal cells)

Plants

• store and maintain turgor pressure

• large central vacuole

Animals

• small storage (water, nutrients, waste)

endosymbiotic theory

1. all living organisms are made up of cells

2. new cells arise only from pre-existing cells

3. a cell is the basic unit from life

how do plant cells differ from animal cells?

plant cells have a cell wall and chloropolasts, animal cells don’t

common model eukaryotic organisms

• yeast

• fruit fly

• mouse

sources of diversity in organic (carbon) compounds?

carbon skeletons, isomers and functional groups