APUSH: reconstruction DBQ

Reconstruction:

The period after the civil war in which incipient and existing problems are attempted to be fixed such those listed below.

Factors That Influence Reconstruction in the South

Constitutional:

Secession was never legal so it never happened. Who is in charge? President vs congress.

Economic:

New system, labor model, land ownership

Social:

Accepting equality among races

Psychological:

Repair damage from union

Political:

who pays for war?

Reconstruction plans

Lincoln:

10% of the southern votes in 1860 count. Union assumes state's debts, states accept the emancipation proclamation

Johnson:

10% of the southern votes in 1860 count. Any wealthy southern planter has to apply for a presidential pardon to vote

The same confederates before the war can get into power again quickly if no constraints against them

Radical Republicans:

50% of voters who voted in 1860 in the south in each state must take oaths of allegiance to the constitution to vote. Set up 5 military districts and sent soldiers into the south to enforce this.

Amendments

13th:

Slavery is abolished

14th:

Granted protection for citizenship rights (not right to vote)

15th:

Black males (NOT women) are allowed to vote, controversial

Important Terms

Freedman's Bureau:

Helped blacks get on their feet economically but failed, a way to advocate for free blacks, a well intentioned attempt to re-establish equal society. Carried out by using Northern troops stationed in South. (1866-1872)

Carpetbagger:

Northerners coming down carrying carpet bags with all their stuff (hence name)

Idea was they came to exploit south, collaborated with the scalawags,

Bad because they came together to "crush" the south and modernize it for their own self interest

Just as bad as the planter class (class of honor/civilization) and these people are filthy dirty capitalists.

Actually helped stimulate the economy.

Scallywag:

Southern sympathizers to Northern cause, mostly Pro republican, not a nice term, bad because they were helping North come down and take over after war

Share Cropping:

a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land

former slave that works land that they may or may not own and they share proceeds with landowner

problem is if you weren't a very good farmer you go to crop lien system, most people were sharecroppers (both black and poor whites)

Crop-lien:

Form of credit used by Sharecroppers

One basically could never out of debt, they'd delay paying debt every crop year and essentially become slave forever cause can't escape debt

When they couldn't pay for supplies, they would sell off part of next years crop to pay debts (crop liening)

Contract labor:

Labor contracted for a specific job.

Former slaves often forced into contracts by former masters.

Used to establish former hierarchy

Was lowest status of all, mostly former slaves lacking skills, only could sell their physical manual labor,

could be a house slave or field hand, can't independently live elsewhere, almost same as field worker

Tenant farming:

Farming using rented land.

All proceeds of crops grown go in their own pocket, and eventually they become landowners themselves

Highest status people, very few in this group

Black codes:

designed to keep control of the free black workers, passed for most likely racist reasons but also for economic

ex. Vagrancy law (can't have no legal dwelling, violating the law if you don't have a legal dwelling)

The KKK:

racist group. 1865-1870. It sought to overthrow the Republican state governments in the South during the Reconstruction Era, especially by using violence against African American leaders.

The Knights of the White Camellia:

similar to kkk

Election of 1876:

Compromise of 1877: