Liberal Thinkers

What document inspired Wilson’s 14 Points?

Perpetual Peace by Kant

Which one of Wilson’s 14 Points represents the idea of self-determination?

Point 13: creation of an independent Polish state

What was the purpose of the League of Nations in Wilson’s vision?

to serve as a platform for communication and peace between states

What does Kant say about standing armies?

they should be minimized and only be used for self defense, not aggression

What does Kant say about states interfering with other states’ affairs?

He opposes it; he supports non intervention

What are Kant’s Preliminary articles mainly concerned with?

avoiding false peace treaties and ensuring sustainable peace agreements

According to Kant, when is war justified?

only in self defense

What economic factor does Kant link to the cause of war?

the connection between military profit and the incentive to wage war

What political system does Kant argue is most peaceful

Republican government with a division on powers (liberal democracy)

Why does Kant argue that democracies are less likely to go to war with one another?

because they share values and citizens are more cautious of war

What is the federation of free states in Kant’s plan?

A federation of free states where they cooperate under agreed laws to promote peace

What does Kant mean by universal hospitality?

all humans must be treated with dignity and not be seen as enemies by default

What is the purpose of an agora in Kantian peace theory?

a space for open discussion to prevent 0-sum thinking and build trust

How does Kant believe peace begins?

with domestic organization, foreign policy starts at home

Why does Kant critique treaties like Versailles and Trianon?

they were unjust and left unresolved issues that led to further conflict