Chapter 20

Which of the following anatomical structures is normally found only in a fetus?

Ductus arteriosus

Which of the following is true of both the pulmonary and systemic circuits?

 Both include arteries, veins, and capillaries.

 What blood vessel type allows for the exchange of respiratory gases between the blood and tissues?

Capillary

Which of the following organs oxygenates fetal blood?

Placenta

If hydrostatic pressure is 35 mmHg, and osmotic pressure is 30 mmHg, what is the net filtration pressure (NFP)?

5 mmHg

Which of the following is a true statement about regulation of blood pressure?

A decrease in baroreceptor firing rate activates the sympathetic nervous system.

Which structure allows blood in the pulmonary trunk to move directly into the systemic circulation of the fetus?

Ductus arteriosus

What is the correct order of vessels that blood would move through while traveling through the pulmonary circuit?

Pulmonary trunk → Pulmonary arteries → Pulmonary veins

Where in the body are baroreceptors found?

Aorta and carotid arteries

______ is the first artery to branch off the aorta.

Brachiocephalic

Which of the following substances can easily diffuse through the endothelial cells that make up the wall of capillaries?

Oxygen

Which of the following is a true statement about fetal circulation?

 Blood enters the pulmonary circuit when the newborn immediately begins to breathe.

Which vessel(s) returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium?

Pulmonary veins

You are treating a patient with a partial occlusion in the left carotid artery. A partial occlusion is a blockage, and the left carotid artery is one of the major arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the brain. What type of structure will help to ensure that blood still reaches all areas of your patient's brain?

 Arterial anastomosis

What is the role of the hepatic portal system?

It transports nutrients from the gut directly to the liver for processing.

What is the role of the systemic circuit?

Delivering blood to the tissues and organs

 In which of the following vessels does blood flow the fastest?

Arteries

Suppose you wanted to decrease blood pressure. Which of the following hormones would you use?

Atrial natriuretic peptide

The right ventricle pumps blood through which of the following?

The pulmonary circuit

In the kidneys, water that has been filtered out of the blood is reabsorbed back into the blood because of the high sodium (Na+) concentration gradient. What force is driving the reabsorption of water in this case?

Osmotic pressure

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating fluid flow (F)?

F = ΔP / R

Which vessel delivers oxygen-rich blood to the brain?

Common carotid artery

Which of the following is a true statement about capillaries?

Fenestrated capillaries are found in the kidneys and intestines

Which type of vessel allows large plasma proteins to cross it?

Sinusoid capillary

Which of the following events would increase peripheral resistance?

Secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which of the following vessels listed has the thickest wall?

Elastic artery

Under what condition would it be helpful to increase peripheral resistance of a blood vessel?

When blood pressure is too low

Which of the following is the best definition of an artery?

A blood vessel that transports blood away from the heart.

What are the blood vessels that usually contain most of the blood in the body?

Veins