Biology chapter 1 (biochemistry)

Molecules to metabolism slides

What are the 4 types of biological molecules?

1. Nucleic acids
2. Carbohydrates
3. Lipids
4. Proteins

Metabolism

The totality of chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life

What bonds do amino acids form?

peptide bonds

What bonds do glycerol/fatty acids form?

ester linkages

What bonds do monosaccharides form?

glycosidic linkages

What bonds do nucleotides form?

phosphodiester bonds

What makes up an amino acid?

- amine group (NH2)
- central carbon
- carboxyl group (COOH)
- variable group (R)

What makes up a nucleic acid?

- Nitrogenous base
- phosphate group
- ribose sugar

What makes up a lipid?

- carboxyl group (COOH)
- carbon and hydrogen

Are lipids polar or non-polar? What does this make them?

non-polar, this makes them hydrophobic

What are monomers of carbs called?Give an example of a monomer of carbohydrates.

monossacharides, eg glucose

What are polymers of carbs?

Starch, glycogen, cellulose

What are the monomers of nucleic acids called?

nucleotides

What are the polymers of nucleic acids called?

polynucleotide chains (eg DNA)

What are the monomers of proteins called?

amino acids

What are the polymers of proteins called?

peptide chains

What are the monomers of lipids called?

fatty acids, glycerol

What are the polymers of lipids called?

triglycerides, fatty acid chains

What is the difference between a saturated and unsatured fat?

A saturated fat only has single covalent bonds

Condensation

The bonding of monomers to create polymers, creating a covalent bond between monomers as well as a water molecule.

Hydrolysis

Breaking of a covalent bond through the addition of water.

What is the function of proteins?

- structural molecules
- enzymes

What is the function of carbs?

- source of quick energy
- serve as a recognition molecules in the form of glycoproteins

What is the function of lipids?

- make up a significant component of the cell membrane
- long term energy storage
- signalling molecule (steroids)

What is the function of nucleic acids?

- genetic material --> coding for proteins
- manufacturing of proteins