What are the 4 types of biological molecules?
Nucleic acids
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Metabolism
The totality of chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life
What bonds do amino acids form?
peptide bonds
What bonds do glycerol/fatty acids form?
ester linkages
What bonds do monosaccharides form?
glycosidic linkages
What bonds do nucleotides form?
phosphodiester bonds
What makes up an amino acid?
amine group (NH2)
central carbon
carboxyl group (COOH)
variable group (R)
What makes up a nucleic acid?
Nitrogenous base
phosphate group
ribose sugar
What makes up a lipid?
carboxyl group (COOH)
carbon and hydrogen
Are lipids polar or non-polar? What does this make them?
non-polar, this makes them hydrophobic
What are monomers of carbs called?Give an example of a monomer of carbohydrates.
monossacharides, eg glucose
What are polymers of carbs?
Starch, glycogen, cellulose
What are the monomers of nucleic acids called?
nucleotides
What are the polymers of nucleic acids called?
polynucleotide chains (eg DNA)
What are the monomers of proteins called?
amino acids
What are the polymers of proteins called?
peptide chains
What are the monomers of lipids called?
fatty acids, glycerol
What are the polymers of lipids called?
triglycerides, fatty acid chains
What is the difference between a saturated and unsatured fat?
A saturated fat only has single covalent bonds
Condensation
The bonding of monomers to create polymers, creating a covalent bond between monomers as well as a water molecule.
Hydrolysis
Breaking of a covalent bond through the addition of water.
What is the function of proteins?
structural molecules
enzymes
What is the function of carbs?
source of quick energy
serve as a recognition molecules in the form of glycoproteins
What is the function of lipids?
make up a significant component of the cell membrane
long term energy storage
signalling molecule (steroids)
What is the function of nucleic acids?
genetic material --> coding for proteins
manufacturing of proteins