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educational assessment
evaluates skills relevant to sucess / failure in school or pre-school settings
restrospective assessment
using assessment to make conclusions about a person at some point in the past
remote assessment
using assessment to draw conclusions about a subject not in the physical proximity of the assessor
ecological momentary assessment
in-the-moment evaluations of a specific problem and related cognitive/ behavioural variables at the time and place they occur
format
the form, plan, structure, arrangement, and layout of test items and other related considerations (eg time limits)
cut score
the score cutoff/ reference point of a test
utility
the usefulness/ practical value of a test or tool
behavioural observation
the monitoring of the behaviour of oneself or others by electronic means while recording qualitative/ quantitative information
naturalistic observation
behavioural observation in the setting it would be expected to occur
local processing
scoring done on-site
central processing
scoring done at a central location
teleprocessing
scoring done by means of the internet or phone lines
simple scoring report
the mere listing of a score/ scores
extended scoring report
reports including statistical analyses of performance
interpretative report
reports including numerical or narrative interpretative statements
consultative report
reports written in appropriate language for communication between professionals
integrative report
employs previously collected data (eg medical or behavioural records) into the report
computer adaptive testing (CAT)
a computer tailors the test to the ability of the test taker
computer-assisted psychological assessment (CAPA)
provides assistance to the test user (not test taker)
psychological autopsy
a reconstruction of a deceased persons psychological profile
achievement test
evaluates accomplishment / degree of learning that has taken place
projective test
where the testtaker has to ‘project’ onto some ambiguous stimuli
culture-specific test
a test designed for use within people of one culture but not another
coefficient of stability
a term for the coefficient of test-retest reliability, used when testing occurs within less than 6 months
coefficient of equivalence
the coefficient of reliability for alternate/ parallel forms reliability
parallel forms
where each form of a test has equal means and variances
parallel forms reliability
an estimation of the extent that error impacts scores on parallel forms of a test (that are expected to have equal means and variances)
alternate forms
different versions of a test that were constructed to be parallel
alternate forms reliability
the extent that scores on alternate forms of test have been affected by error
odd-even reliability
a type of split-half reliability in which odd-numbered questions are assigned to one half and even-numbered items are assigned to the other
homogeneous test
has items that are functionally uniform throughout
heterogeneous test
has items that are functionally different throughout
dynamic characteristic
a construct presumed to be ever-changing
static characteristic
a construct expected to remain stable over time
base rate
the extent to which some characteristic is present in the general population
hit rate
the proportion of people a test accurately identifies as having some characteristics
miss rate
the proportion of people a test fails to idenify as having or not having a characteristic
false positive
a miss where the test identifies a person as possessing a characteristic when they actually dont
false negative
a miss where the test identifies a person as not possessing a characteristic when they actually do
validity coefficient
the correlation coefficient of the relationship between test scores and scores on the criterion measure
method of contrasting groups
a way of providing evidence for validity; demonstrates that scores on a test vary in a predictable way as a function of some group membership
multitrait-multimenthod matrix
a matrix/ table from correlating variables (eg trait) within and between different methods (eg self report, counsellor ratings)
exploratory factor analysis
estimating/ extracting factors to decide which will remain and arrange them in a logical orientation
confirmatory factor analysis
testing the degree to which a hypothetical model of factors reflects the actual data
factor loading
the extent to which a factor determines the test score/ scores
leniency error/ generosity error
a rating error that arises out of the rater being lenient in their scoring
severity error
a rating error that arises out of the rater being overly harsh in their scoring
central tendency error
a rating error that arises out of the rater being biased against giving ratings at either end of the extreme
method of paired comparisons
test takers are presented with two options of stimuli that they must judge in some way. They recieve a higher score for judgements that most other testtakers make
pseudobulbar effect
a neurological disorder characterised by frequent and involuntary outbursts of laughing or crying that may be innapropriate for the situation
item difficulty index/ item-endorsement index
the percentage of people passing an item or giving it a favourable rating (eg agree, yes)
item-reliability index
an indication of the internal consistency of a test
item-validity index
an indication of the degree to which a test measures what it is trying to measure
item-discrimination index (d)
an estimate of item discrimination
differential item functioning
where items function differently for one group of test takers to another
cross-validation
re-validation of a study administered to a different group of test takers to those it was originally validated on
validity shrinkage
the expected decrease in item validity caused by cross-validation
co-validation
test validation done on at least 2 tests using the same group of test takers
co-norming
norming done on at least 2 different tests using the same group of test takers
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