Microbiology Lab Final Study Guide (With pictures of slides)

aspergillus

fungi

sporangium

spores

hyphae

penicillium

fungi

phialides

conida

conidiophore

volvox

protist/algae

algal cells

daughter cells

colony

spirogyra

protist/algae

chloroplast

filamentous cell

amoeba

protist

pseudopod

nucleus

trichomonas vaginalis

protozoan parasite

flagella

paramecium

protist

cilia not visible

macronucleus

trypanosoma cruzi

protist

red blood cell

white blood cell

flagellated parasite

dipylidium caninum

parasite

scolex (face)

proglottid

parasite

enterobius vermicularis

distance between lenses

interpupilary distance

objective lens

shortest, scanning, 4x

low power objective lens

initial focusing, 10x

high power objective lens

40x

oil immersion lens

requires oil, highest mag, 100x

iris diaphragm lever

The amount of light reaching the specimen can be controlled by manipulating what?

Contrast

Difference in color or light intensity between forms.

Iris Diaphragm

Adjusts light intensity in microscopy.

Working Distance

Distance from objective lens to specimen surface.

Microbial Smear

Preparation of bacterial cells on a slide.

Heat Fixing

Attaches cells to slide by killing them.

Culture Media

Nutrient solutions for growing microorganisms.

Enriched Media

Basic media with added nutrients like blood.

Indicators

Substances that change color based on metabolism.

Antibiotics in Media

Used to inhibit growth of unwanted organisms.

Cell Morphology

Study of cell shape and structure.

CHNOPS

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

flagella, cilia, pseudopods

Describe some of the different modes of motility among protozoa

lens wipe

What should be used to clean the lenses of a microscope?

hyphae,sporangium

What is the filamentous cell of a mold called? What is the reproductive structure of a mold called?

it exists as a spherical colony composed of numerous individual algal cells that are connected together, allowing them to function as a coordinated unit, with each cell contributing to the colony's movement and behavior

Why is Volvox referred to as a colonial alga?

The feces of insects called triatomine, or “kissing” bugs, transmits the parasite to humans. These bugs feed on the blood of animals and humans at night, and then they defecate. Infection can occur if you unknowingly wipe the feces into your eyes, nose, mouth, or a sore. Result in flu-like symptoms

Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease in humans. How is the disease spread, and what are the symptoms?

working distance decreases as magnification increases. Working distance is the distance between the specimen and the objective lens. As magnification increases, the depth of field also decreases

How does magnification affect working distance?

sterile technique

maintains purity of culture

inoculating loop

used to spread the cells across sections of theplate using a standard streaking pattern

condenser lens

focuses light on specimen

dipylidium caninum

What is 1

scolex

what is 2

proglottid

what is 3

enterobius vermicularis

what is 1

enterobius eggs

what is 1

aspergillus

what is 1

sporangium

what is 2

spores

what is 3

hyphae

what is 4

penicillium

what is 1

phialides

what is 2

conidia

what is 3

conidiophore

what is 4

saccharomyces

what is 1

diatoms

what is 1

volvox

what is 1

algal cells

what is 2

colony

what is 3

daughter cells

what is 4

spirogyra

what is 1

chloroplast

what is 2

filamentous cell

what is 3

amoeba

what is 1

nucleus

what is 2

pseudopod

what is 3

trichomonas vaginalis

what is 1

flagella

what is 2

paramecium

what is 1

macronucleus

what is 2

trypanosoma cruzi

what is 1

red blood cell

what is 2

white blood cell

what is 3

flagellated parasite

what is 4

Kingdom Fungi

- mushrooms, filamentous fungi (molds) and yeasts

- yeasts are unicellular and oval in shape

Hyphae

Filaments of fungi

- vegetative and reproductive

Mycelium

Several hyphae form a tangled mat

Vegetative hyphae

obtain food for the mold

Reproductive hyphae (aerial hyphae)

Involved in reproduction, ends contain reproductive spore sacs

Fungi examples

Aspergillus and Penicillium

Kingdom Protists

- include algae and protozoa

- some multicellular, some unicellular

- some parasitic

Protozoan motility

cilia, flagella, pseudopods

Algae examples

Volvox

Spirogyra

Volvox

Colonial algae

Spirogyra

Filamentous alga with a spiral-shaped chloroplast

Protozoa examples

Trichomonas vaginalis

Typanosoma cruzi

Paramecium caudatum

Amoeba proteus

Trypanosoma cruzi

Protozoa that causes Chagas' disease,

Amoeba proteus

Non-pathogenic Protozoa, uses pseudopod

Paramecium caudatum

Nonpathogenic Protozoa, uses cilia

Trichomonas vaginalis

Sexually transmitted protozoa, uses flagella

Kingdom Animalia

- flatworms and roundworms

- multicellular

- heterotrophic

- mostly nonparasitic

Animalia examples

Dipylidium canium

Enterobius vermicularis

Dipylidium canium

- flatworm called tapeworm

- parasitic

- scolex and proglottids

- gets longer over time

Enterobius vermicularis

- small roundworm

- human parasite, especially children

- acquired from bad hygiene practices

- found in soil and infected feces

Scolex

Head of tapeworm

Proglottid

Body segments of tapeworm

Cocci

- greatest arrangement

- single

- pairs (diplococci)

- tetrads

- irregular clusters (staphylococci and micrococci)

- chains

- cubical packet, always multiple of 8 (sarcina)

Bacillus

- not much variety

- single

- pairs (diplobacilli)

- chain (streptobacilli)

- row of cells oriented side by side (pallisades)

Spirilla

- least varied

- single cells

- occasionally found in short chains

Broth

Liquid media used for propagation

of large numbers of organisms and for various experiments and diagnostic tests

Slant

Solid media that gives the bacteria a greater surface area on which to grow in a tube.

- useful in maintaining bacterial cultures

Plate

Solid media particularly helpful in isolating a specific species of bacteria, which is not possible in a liquid medium

Synthetic medium

the chemical composition of the medium is known

Non-synthetic medium

Culture medium in which their exact composition is not known, most culture media

slaughterhouse waste/plant products and peptides, sugars, vitamins, minerals

How is non-synthetic medium typically made?