MOD 1 - The Basics

frontal/coronal plane

splits front & back

sagittal plane

splits into left & right

• midsagittal: equal left & right parts

transverse/axial plane

splits superior & inferior

prone

• lying on belly

• face & palms down

supine

• lying on back

• face & palms up

caudad

towards the tail/posterior part of body

cephalad

towards the head/anterior end of body

anechoic

without echos

hyperechoic

having many echoes

hypoechoic

having few echoes

isoechoic

having the same echogenicity

acoustic shadowing

an area through which sound waves fail to propagate

acoustic enhancement

refers to the increased echoes deep to the structures that transmit sound exceptionally well

complex

consists of both solid & cystic components

homogeneous

of uniform composition

heterogeneous

of differing compositions

acoustic shadowing

characterized by a signal void behind structures that strongly absorb or reflect ultrasonic waves

• a form of imaging artifact

• happens most frequently w solid structures, such as bones or stones

acoustic enhancement

refers to the increased echoes deep to structures that transmit sound exceptionally well

• characteristic of fluid-filled structures such as cysts, urinary bladder, and gallbladder

depth

to display information only to a certain depth

focus

defines where the focal point of the beam is in the body

gain

defines how much amplification is applied to echoes returning from the body

• increasing makes it brighter

• decreasing makes it dimmer

tgc

defines how much amplification is applied to echoes diff depths

freeze

freeze the imagine to allow for annotation & measurement before saving

still store

save the image

calc

access the calc package to enter measurements

dual

divides the screen into two images that you can toggle between

sector width

defines how wide our image is on the screen

text

annotate your images

anechoic

hyperechoic

hypoechoic

isoechoic

acoustic shadowing

acoustic enhancement

complex

homogeneous

heterogeneous

1. echogenic

2. hypoechoic

3. isoechoic

4. anechoic

which vessel sits left of the midline of the body?

abdo aorta

which vessel sits to the right of the midline of the body?

IVC

which vessel sits posterior to the liver?

IVC

which vessel travels through the posterior portion of the liver?

IVC

which vessel pulses with the heart?

abdo aorta

which vessel expands and collapses with respiration?

IVC

which vessel has thicker walls?

abdo aorta

which vessel has thinner walls?

IVC

which vessel drains directly into the right atrium of the heart?

IVC

which statement is incorrect when comparing the aorta and the IVC?

a) the distal order is more anterior than the IVC at that level

b) the proximal aorta travels through the posterior portion of the liver, anterior to the caudate lobe

c) the IVC responds to respiration

d) the IVC is located to the right of the spine and the aorta to the left

b) the proximal aorta travels through the posterior portion of the liver, anterior to the caudate lobe

what is the most proximal branch of the abdominal aorta?

celiac trunk

true or false?

the superior mesenteric vein is normally located to the right if the superior mesenteric artery

true

the correct way to measure the distal abdominal aorta is in a ___ plane

transverse

where do you place the anterior caliper when measuring the abdominal aorta?

anterior outer wall edge

where do you place the posterior caliper when measuring the abdominal aorta?

posterior outer wall edge

the correct place to measure the distal abdominal aorta is ___

just above the bifurcation

what is the normal diameter of the aorta?

1.5cm-2.5cm