Bio Test 3

What type of tissue is important in assisting the cardiovascular system by collecting excess tissue fluid and eventually returning it to the cardiovascular system?

lymphatic

In a city analogy, what is the cardiovascular system similar to?

roads

What are the two components of the cardiovascular system?

heart and blood vessels

The innermost layer of an artery is known as what?

endothelium

Which of the following blood vessels are the only ones small, thin, and porous enough to exchange substances at the tissue level of organization?

capillaries

What structure within a capillary bed shunts blood from the arteriole to the venule?

precapillary sphincter

When dissecting a specimen, Barry noticed that the arteries were thicker and more elastic than the veins. Why?

Arteries are under greater pressure.

Elizabeth takes a prescription drug that dilates her arterioles. What does this do to her blood pressure? Why?

It falls because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels.

Choose the most correct statement concerning capillaries.

The only site of nutrient, gas exchange, and waste exchange is the capillaries.

At any one time, where is the majority of the blood found in the body?

veins

Dr. Ferguson explained that in a condition known as situs inversus, the internal organs are reversed in their orientation. Thus, the apex of the heart would be oriented to the \___.

right

What is the name of the thick, membranous sac that surrounds and protects the heart?

pericardium

What are the upper chambers of the heart called?

atria

What type of cell junctions are found in cardiac muscle tissue?

gap junctions and desmosomes

The right ventricle is to the pulmonary trunk as the left ventricle is to the \___________.

aorta

What are known as the "strings of the heart?"

chordae tendinae

During open heart surgery, the first heart structure that would be cut into is the \_____________.

pericardium

A hospital laboratory technician injects a dye into a vein in your right arm. What is the first chamber of the heart the dye reaches?

right ventricle

Blood leaves which chamber of the heart to enter the lungs?

right ventricle

If the aortic semilunar valve was blocked, where would blood accumulate?

left ventricle

The "lub" sound of the "lub-dup" heart beat is due to what?

closing of the AV valves

Which of the following heart tissues is not part of the internal conduction system of the heart?

semilunar valve

What is considered the pacemaker of the heart?

the sinoatrial node

Which part of the brain contains the cardiac control center?

medulla oblongata

Lisa receives a dose of epinephrine. What does this do to her heart rate?

increases it

What does an ECG record?

electrical changes

Tina's heart began to beat much faster when it came to the scary scene in the movie. Which part of the nervous system causes the heart to beat faster when afraid?

sympathetic

If your pulse is 70 beats per minute, how fast is your heart beating?

70 beats per minute

Which of the following could be used to take a pulse?

radial artery

Mrs. Hinson was informed that her blood pressure was 150/95. These numbers indicate that she has \__________.

stage 1 hypertension

What is the instrument called that is used to measure blood pressure?

sphygmomanometer

A person who sits for hours on a long airplane flight will have problems will blood pooling below the knees. Why?

The skeletal muscle pump is not helping blood return to the heart.

Normal blood pressure is 120/80. What is the top number called and what is happening in the heart?

systolic pressure, ejection of blood from the heart

Where in the body is blood pressure the highest?

aorta

Blood pressure \______ with distance from the left ventricle while the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels \__________.

decreases, increases

Why does blood move slowly in the capillaries in comparison to arterioles?

There are many more capillaries than arterioles.

What is the largest artery in the systemic circuit?

aorta

What system drains blood from the capillary beds of the digestive tract to a capillary bed in the liver?

hepatic portal

Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the pulmonary circuit?

right ventricle

In the pulmonary circuit, veins carry oxygen-\____ blood, and in the systemic circuit, veins carry oxygen-\_____ blood.

rich, poor

If fluid is leaving a capillary and entering the tissue, which of the following statements is true?

Blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure.

If a person is dehydrated, how will this affect nutrient exchange at the capillaries?

Water will not leave the arterial end of the capillary and enter the tissues.

What is the ballooning or bulging of a blood vessel called?

aneurysm

The American Heart Association recommends a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol to prevent which disease?

atherosclerosis

Which of the following activities is not recommended for prevention of cardiovascular disease?

Raise the LDL intake.

What drug may protect against having a first heart attack?

asprin

What is a stent?

a cylinder of expandable metal mesh

Which of the following is not a symptom of a heart attack?

diarrhea

What is a Jarvik 2000?

a heart pump inserted inside the left ventricle

Which of the following is not a function of blood?

pumping

The two major components of blood are

formed elements and plasma

What are the most abundant plasma proteins that also establish the osmotic pressure of the plasma?

albumins

If there is a problem with clotting, what plasma protein may be involved?

fibrinogens

When Jennifer had to receive a gamma globulin shot after being exposed to hepatitis, the gamma globulins were serving what function?

antibodies

Which of the following substances is not considered part of blood plasma?

red blood cells

Which of the following are actually cell fragments and not whole cells?

platelets

RBCs are better known as \________ and WBCs are better known as \___________.

erythrocytes, leukocytes

What gives rise to all the formed elements of the blood?

stem cells

The most abundant component of plasma is water.

true

Blood plays an important role in homeostasis.

true

What makes the blood red?

hemoglobin

Mature human red blood cells

are biconcave discs without a nucleus.

How many globin chains are found in hemoglobin?

4

Approximately how many oxygen molecules can a single RBC carry?

one billion

What part of the hemoglobin molecule actually binds the oxygen molecule? What part binds carbon dioxide?

heme, globin chain

How much carbon dioxide is dissolved in the plasma?

7%

Hemoglobin that carries carbon dioxide is called

carbaminohemoglobin.

If your skin and the whites of your eyes appear yellow, what is not being excreted?

heme

What hormone produced in the kidneys stimulates production of red blood cells?

erythropoietin

A test for metal toxicity looks at the amount of metal present in the red blood cell membrane. How long ago could this metal poisoning have occurred?

3 months

If a person does not have enough iron in their diet, they may suffer from

anemia.

Red blood cells are unable to undergo mitosis.

true

The production of leukocytes is regulated by

colony-stimulating factor.

Both red blood cells and white blood cells

are derived from the same original stem cell.

Which of the following are agranular leukocytes?

lymphocytes and monocytes

In someone with terrible allergies, what leukocyte levels would be elevated?

eosinophil, basophil

Monocytes are large blood cells that differentiate into

macrophages.

B lymphocytes are associated with

antibody production.

White blood cells are like red blood cells in that they only live for a matter of days.

false

Cytotoxic T cells have the ability to

destroy pathogens.

Robby could not produce the enzyme adenosine deaminase. As a result, he suffered from

SCID.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of infectious mononucleosis?

There is uncontrolled white blood cell proliferation.

Mark suffers from nosebleeds and gastrointestinal bleeding due to increased breakdown of platelets outside the marrow. This is called

thrombocytopenia.

After blood clots, the yellowish fluid that escapes from the clot is called

serum.

The vitamin necessary for fibrinogen and prothrombin formation (found in green vegetables and released by intestinal bacteria) is

vitamin k

The fragmentation of very large megakaryocytes results in the production of

platelets

The final reaction in blood clotting is

fibrinogen → fibrin.

Coagulation contributes to homeostasis by

keeping the blood within the vessels.

Hemophilia is a genetic clotting disorder.

true

Agglutination refers to the

clumping of red blood cells.

Jena and Seth could have a child with hemolytic disease of the newborn. Jena must be

Rh negative

Robby has type B positive blood. His blood will contain

B and Rh antigens, and anti-A antibodies.

Ray is considered a universal donor. His blood type is

O

Jeremy has type O negative blood. What type blood could he receive in a transfusion?

O negative only

A person with O negative blood has what antigens on their red blood cells?

none

A person will have antibodies against any blood antigens different from their own, regardless of whether they have had a transfusion or not.

true

In which of the following scenarios would hemolytic disease of the newborn be a possibility?

Mom is Rh negative and dad is Rh positive.

If mom has already developed anti-Rh antibodies during her first pregnancy, a RhoGAM shot will not help her second pregnancy.

true

The ABO antigens and Rh antigens are the only blood groups considered before a transfusion.

false

What do type A positive and AB negative blood have in common?

A antigens