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prime number

number greater than 1 and only divisible by 1 and themselves

composite number

number with 2+ factors

prime factorization

breaking number into its prime factors

eg. 12 = 2² x 3

LCM

(a x b) / HCF

LCM of 12 & 18 (12 ×18) / 6 = 36

percentage of an amount

percentage X amount /100

eg 20% of 50 = 20× 50/ 100 = 10

percentage increase

sharing parts in a ratio

eg ratio is 2:3

2+3 = 5 so there is 5 parts

if 30 items are shared then 30/5 = 6

so 2 parts = 12

BODMAS

Brackets Order Dividion/Multiply Add/Sub

what is the quadraic formula

midpoint formula

distance firmula

porablola y= (x + 1)²

moves to the left

turning point is (-1, 0)

porabola y= x² + 2

moves up 2

tuning point (0,2)

circle graphs

x² + y² = r²

pecision

relies on small factors like mm or cm

precision not= accuracy (precise measurement can be constanylu wrong)

accuracy

closeness of measurement to true value

formation of solar system

billions of years ago a nebula (huge cloud of dust and gas) collapse . the sun is formed at the centre and remaining material form a protoplanetary disk (dense rotating disk of gas and dust surrounding a newly formed star). The disk particles clinp into planetisimals(building blocks of planets), then planets, moon etc. Terrestial planets formed closer to the sun (small, rocky) hot while gas giants form father out (large gaseous)

general solar system formation

all colar systems form from nebula collapse but the star sizes and disk composition and external factors will be differnt

terrestrial

rocky small and dense

gas giant

gaseous large low density

order planets from sun

mercury, venus, earth, mars, jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune

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comets

icy bodies with dust and gas ; develops trails when near the sun due to sublimation (solid to gas)

meteor

meteriods small rocky metallic fragments entering earths atmosphere burning up as meteors (“shootjng stars”)

bodies in space

meteors asteroids comets

celestial bodies

stars planets moons asteroids comets meteors

gravity

governs orbits and movement in space

earths motions

rotation (day&night) 24hr , revolution (seasons) 365days

asteroids

rocky metalic orbiting sun, mostly in the asteroid belt. (between mars and jupiter) small and huge

contour lines

lines on a map showing elevation

close lines - steep slope. wide lines- gentle slopes. circrles- hills or depressions

photosynthesis formula

carbon dioxide + water + sun → glucose + oxygen

where does photosynthesis occur

in chloroplasts, using chlorophyll to capture sunlight

what does photosynthesis do

provide energy for plans and oxygen for ecosysems

prokaryotic vs eukaryotic

prokaryotic examples are bacteria, no nucleus

eukaryotic eg. plant/animal, has nucleus

plant vs animal

plant has cell wall, chloroplast, large vacoule

animal cells - no cell wall no chloroplast, small or no vacoule flexibler membrane because no cell wall

ribosome

makes protein

golgi apparatus

packages proteins

ER

rogh ER makes proeins

smooh ER make lipid and cabohydratte

cellmembrane

control what go in and out

cell wall

strcture and support

chlorplast

conduct photosynthesis

xylem

transpor water and minerals

pholem

transports sugars

epidermal

protects plant surfaces

plant tissues

xylem pholem and epidermal

animal tissues

muscle

epithelial

connective

nervous

muscle tissue

enable movementttt

epithelial

covers surfaces (skin)

connective tissue

supports

(bone. blood

sqrt of 3

1.7

1/8

0.125

7/8

0.875

1/3

0.333333333333333333333333333

2/3

0.66666666666666666666

4/3

1.333333333333

group 1

alkali metals

lithium, sodium

HIGHLY REACTIVE, soft

+1 ions

group 17

Halogens

fluorine chlorine

REACTIVE non-metals

-1 ions

group 18

Noble Gases

helium, neon

Non REACTIVE

valence electrons

electrons in the outer shell

trapeium area formula

a+b/2 x h

how to find original price after discount

how to find total surface area

area of every face added together

ecosystem roles

primary/secondary consumers, predators, prey decomposer

reproduction

asexual (1 parent) and sexual(2 parent)

nervous tissue

trasmits signals

plant organs

leaves roots and stem

leaves

photosynthesis

roots

absorption of water and nutrients

stems

supports the plant and transports water and nutrients

animal organs

heart lungs and stomach

heart

pumps blood circulatory system

lungs

gas exchange respiratory system

stomach

digestion degestive system

organs

they work in systems

made up of tissues

diffusion

net movement (all) of particles from an area of high to low concentration

osmosis

specific type of diffusion

diffusion of water semi permeable membrane

semi permeable membrane

a membrane that allows certain substances to pass through it while blocking others.

controls transport

chambers of heart

right atrium

right ventricle

left atrium

lift ventricle

heart chambers circulation

receive deoxygenated blood from body

pump deoxygenated blood to lung

receive oxygenated blood from lung

pump oxygenated blood to body

blood flow

body - right atrium - right ventricle - lungs - left atrium - left ventricle - body

heart

pump blood

arteries

carry blood away from heart

vein

carry blood back 2 heart

capillaries

small blood vesels

link between arteries and veins

sum of cubes formula

difference of cubes formula

Area of Triangle

½ bh

volume of a prism

b x h

volume pyramid

area x h x 1/3

area circle

pi r squared

area trapezium

½ (a +b ) h

sphere area

4/3 pi r cubed

dependent variable

what you are measuring because of the change

compound

2+ elements

often 2 words

a substance formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together, like water (H₂O). 

element

a substance made of only one type of atom, like hydrogen or oxygen

isotope

atoms with the same no. of protons, diff no. of neutrons

exothermic

release of heat like combustion

heat in the output (reactant

endothermic

absorption heat

food absorb heat when cooking

heat in the input

point slope formula

y - y1 = m( x - x1)

nervous system

releases hormones through neurons

uses neurons and electrical and chemical signals to send messages throughout the body - fast

brain uses nervous system to send messages to the entire body through spinal chord and nerves

circulatory system

(aka the cardiovascular system)

transports blood throughout the body

delivers nutrients and oxygen to all cells in the body

circulates oxygen and removes carbon dioxide