AP BIO CH 19 & 21

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Biology

11th

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26 Terms

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What did Malthus do?

theorized that populations can grow faster than resources are made

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What did Darwin observe?

differences among island species

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What are antibiotics?

medicines that kill or slow down the growth of bacteria

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What is genetic drift?

random change in allele frequency

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what is natural selection?

The idea that the fittest survive and pass along their traits to their offspring.

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What is gene flow/migration?

Movement of individuals of a species from one population to another

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What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences.

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what does homologous mean?

having the same structure

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What is a vestigial structure?

A structure that was once used in earlier descendants but lost its use over time

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Evidence of Evolution

  • fossils
  • similar structures
  • geographic distribution
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What does terrestrial mean?

Land based

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what is needed for evolution to occur?

variation, , selection, time

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What is the founder effect?

small group from a population colonizes a new area

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in a sickle cell, individuals who are homozygous dominant are more likely to suffer from malaria (T OR F)

True

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what is the original source of genetic variation?

mutations

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what is genetic variation?

differences that occur in individuals within a species

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What is the bottleneck effect?

A change in allele frequency following a dramatic reduction in the size of a population

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What is directional selection?

when individuals at one end of the curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end

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What is stabilizing selection?

when individuals near the center of the curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end

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What is artificial selection?

The breeding of plants and animals to produce desirable traits

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darwins view on heritable traits

Characteristics acquired during an organisms life are not passed on through genes.

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lamarks views on heritable traits

Characteristics acquired during an organisms life are passed on through genes. The idea of use and disuse as a selective measure

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Why is Charles Darwin noted for his work in natural selection and evolution?

Devised a mechanism for evolution that was supported by evidence.

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What are the principles guiding the idea of natural selection?

-the best-adapted individuals tend to leave the most offspring.
-individuals who survive longer tend to leave more offspring than those who die young.
-populations tend to produce more individuals than the environment can support.
-genetic variation exists within populations.

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what does natural selection act on?

phenotypes

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What can evolve?

population (not individuals)