Biology I Unit 1: All Living Things

Cells

What are living things made up of?

Cell

basic unit of life; smallest unit of life

An orderly living system

What do all structures and functions of an organism come together to form?

Growth

process of increasing in mass and physical size.

A baby learning or recognizes voices, as it gets older it develops vision and etc.

What is an example of growth?

Development

a major change or physical milestone.

Birth --> Growth --> Development --> Decline --> Death

What are the five stages of the life cycle in order?

Growth refers to physical changes, while development refers to functional or behavioral changes.

What is the difference between growth and development?

Reproduce

What do living things do in order to keep surviving?

The process of new offspring (individuals) are produced from their parent(s).

What is reproduction?

The organism's kingdom and domain.

What are different types of reproduction based on?

Asexual reproduction

one parent organism splitting into two; identical genetic information is passed from parent to offspring.

Sexual reproduction

requires two parents; sperm and egg combined genetic information passed down

All living organisms need energy to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environment.

What do organisms need energy for?

Light, food, electricity, gravity, etc.

When can energy be found?

Metabolism

the total amount of biochemical reactions occurring in an organism.

The sun produces energy in the form of light. Plants consume energy from the sun and produce energy as food. Animals consume energy from plants and other animals.

How can energy transfer the sun to us?

Homeostasis

an organism's ability to maintain viable internal conditions for cells (internal environment), even though external conditions constantly change.

Body temperature control in humans is an example of homeostasis.

What is an example of homeostasis?

Response

immediate reaction by an organism to a stimuli.

Stimulus

signal to which an organism responds; can be internal or external.

Respond

What must living things be able to do to their environment?

Touching a hot surface or smelling food.

What is an example of an external stimulus?

A virus or a sickness/illness

What is an example of an internal stimulus?

Adaption

change over time to survive; happens during an organism's lifetime

Echo location, fur color

What is an adaption example?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Name the hierarchy of organisms in order?

Dear King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup

What is the mnemonic device for remembering the hierarchy of organisms?

Humans/Homo-sapiens

What are some examples of a "species"?

Domain is the point of origin for all species.

How is a species different from a domain?

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryote

What are the three domains of living things or organisms?

Bacteria

includes bacteria that get you sick and "gut" bacteria.

Archaea

includes microbes that live in extreme conditions, ancient.

Eukaryotes

includes animals, plants, fungi, and protists.

Archaeabacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

What are the six kingdoms of organisms?

Number of cells, type of cells, how energy is obtained and used by the organism

What are the three main types of traits that organisms can be classified by?

Unicellular

an organism made up of one cell, characterized by the formation or presence of a single cell or cells.

Eubacteria, archaebacteria, and fungi

What are the kingdoms of the unicellular organisms?

Multicellular

an organism made up of two or more cells; having (made up of) or involving more than one and usually many cells especially of living matter.

Fungi, plantae, animalia, protista

What are the kingdoms of multicellular organisms?

Prokaryotic (Pro-Before)

Smaller, no nucleus, simple; pro means "before" is that the former organism do not have a nucleus and the latter ones do.

Archaebacteria, eubacteria

What is the kingdom for prokaryotic (pro-before) organisms?

(Eu-True) Eukaryotic

Larger, no nucleus, simple; Eu means "true" is that the former organism do no have a nucleus and the latter ones do.

Protista, fungi, animalia

What is the kingdom for eukaryotic (Eu-True) organisms?

Autotrophic

an organism that produces its own food; when an organism is able to use (inorganic) carbon dioxide to create its own organic molecules.

Archaebacteria, eubacteria, protista, plantae, animalia

What are the kingdoms for autotropic organisms?

Heterotropic

an organism that does not make its own food; when an organism's carbon source is the organic molecules of other organisms.

Eubacertia, protista, fungi

What are the kingdoms for heterotrophic organisms?

Chemosynthetic

uses chemicals to make energy; needs organic molecules as a carbon and an energy source.

Archaebacteria

What are the kingdoms for the chemosynthetic organisms?

Photosynthetic

uses sunlight to make energy; get their carbon from other organisms but also get their energy from the sun.

Plantae

What are kingdoms of photosynthetic bacteria?

Extremophiles

live in extreme environments of high salinity and temperature (hydrothermal vents and hot springs).

Halobacterium salinarium

the "salty" bacteria; found in Yellowstone National Park (Old Faithful Geuser)

Methanotorrisigneus

produces methane gas; lives in hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the ocean.

Archaebacteria

single-celled, prokaryotic, autotrophic

Eubacteria

single-celled, prokaryotic, autotrophic or heterotrophic, some pathogens

Protista

single-celled or simple, multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic or heterotrophic

Fungi

single-celled or multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic, break down materials in environment and absorb nutrients.

Plantae

multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic; make their own food by photosynthesis.

Animalia

multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotopic; obtain food by ingesting it.