slepe and dremas

What is the true statement regarding NREM1 and NREM2 functions?

Other than enacting neural activity to push us into NREM3, no evidence-based theories exist for the functions of NREM1 and NREM2.

Which sleep state uses up the most glucose?

REM

What is the role of the glymphatic system and when is it most active?

It is responsible for washing our neurons with cerebrospinal fluid and is most active during NREM 3.

What effect does late-night schoolwork have on Bryson's brain?

It limits restoration in the frontal lobe, exacerbating the cycle of ADHD.

What will Jack's brain attempt to restore first when sleep-deprived?

NREM before REM to restore glycogen.

According to the 'sleep to forget, sleep to remember' hypothesis, what does REM do?

It strengthens memory information while gradually weakening memory emotion.

What condition can amyloid beta protein buildup contribute to?

Alzheimer's disease.

What happened to rats in Rechtschaffen et al.'s study on sleep deprivation?

They died due to the effects this had on the immune system.

How long can non-traumatic negative emotional experiences appear in dreams after the experience?

Approximately 1 week due to the dream lag effect.

How does sleep affect synaptic connections?

Sleep strengthens synaptic connections that are being used and weakens those that are overused.

What exemplifies the creative quality of dreaming?

Dreams combining memory fragments, daily happenings, and sensations to make a narrative.

What is likely to happen to Juanita after being sleep deprived?

She is most likely to have many vivid dreams.

What does Mr. H.'s dream about the centipede train monster demonstrate?

Impaired self-reflectiveness.

What does Mr. K.'s dream about his deceased brother demonstrate?

Fluctuating self-reflectiveness.

What can Toph, who is completely blind, include in her dreams?

Touch, hearing, proprioception, smell, and rarely, taste.

What allows us to imagine movement in dreams?

Our basal ganglia and cerebellum.

What happens when Koloss the cat steps on his owner's legs during REM sleep?

His owner will either wake up or will dream about sensations in the legs and belly.

According to Nir & Tononi (2010), why may our sense of self be negative in dreams?

Due to reduced voluntary control and self-awareness.

When is Miss Average Person, age 65, most likely to dream about childhood?

After she has been asleep a long time and had multiple REM episodes.

What explains Mr. A. acting brave in his dream?

The immersive spatiotemporal hallucination model of dreaming.

What does the Continuity Hypothesis describe about dreams?

They simulate waking events and concerns of the dreamer, amplified by the amygdala.

What theory helps explain Madotsuki's surreal nightmares?

NEXTUP.

What theory explains Farha dreaming about her presentation?

Social Simulation.

What did Freud believe about the function of dreams?

They functioned to fulfill forbidden wishes from the id of the unconscious.

What did Jung believe about the function of dreams?

They functioned to compensate for psychological imbalances and display imagery of the collective unconscious.

What do Blagrove et al. state about the function of dreams?

They enhance social empathy in the waking person.

What did Revonsuo believe about the function of dreams?

They enhance the efficiency of fear responses in the waking person.

What does Freddy K. need for his nightmares to work?

Fear-related imagery to be strong enough to stay in people's short-term memory.

What should Enmu activate for rewarding dreams?

Dopaminergic circuits in the occipital-temporal (visual association) areas of people's brains.

What should Doremy review to make helpful dreams?

Hobson-Friston theory.

What does the AIM theory state about dreams?

They are the forebrain's attempt to make sense of brainstem impulses.

Why can't dreams be predictive according to the Free Energy Principle?

They depend on the brain's ability to detect errors between expected vs. obtained sensory information.

Who is more likely to have negative recurring dreams, Minh (51) or Connie (13)?

Connie.

Why did Dale dream of lung cancer and get diagnosed early?

His brain attempts to create predictions based on information he is exposed to during the day.

What does Dipper dreaming of 'Dippy Fresh' best explain?

He is processing autobiographical information.

What are the possible explanations for Jeff saying he does not dream?

He has fewer dreams due to antidepressants, reduced brain activity in the temporoparietal area, and reduced brain activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

What happens when Quinn, who is deaf, dreams?

She may experience communications as speech with sound, intuitive messages, or ASL signs.

Why may people with PTSD have severe nightmares?

Processing of more salient emotions and increases in amygdalar connectivity.

Why do twins Stanford and Stanley have the same dream?

Their brains are structurally similar and they probably discuss information they are exposed to during the day.

When do Peggy and Hank's dreams occur?

Peggy's dream was in NREM2; Hank's dream is in NREM3.

When did Bill dream of a narwhal in McDonald's?

During NREM1.

How do traditional cultures view dreams?

They influence social structure and roles in waking life.

What age group typically experiences developmental **********?

Roughly 12-16 years.

What type of person is most likely to have a dream journal with reunions, tunnels, light, and angels?

An imaginative/creative person or someone who is dying.

What do college-age men dream more about according to Domhoff (1996)?

Sexuality, success, failure, and aggression.

What age is Chayton likely to be if he has detailed narrative dreams with one odd detail?

Roughly 20-45 years.

What type of dreams do people with avoidant attachment and negative partner-related dreams have?

They interact less with partners.

What age is Trey likely to be if he dreams of his dog Spot and believes it's a gift?

A toddler.

What age is Winnie likely to be if she has vivid spiritual dreams about loved ones?

Roughly 75+.

What cognitive ability has Victor, age 8, developed?

Theory of mind.

What age is Alisha likely to be if she has narrative dreams with real and invented people?

Roughly 7-12 years.

When is the default mode network most active?

When we are resting or daydreaming and overlaps with social information.