Rocks & Minerals

@ SAG - Marek - '24 (P3)

Minerals

Solid, naturally occurring, inorganic substances

Inorganic

Not living

Mineral Identification

Based on well-defined physical and chemical properties

Worst Identification Method

Color

Streak

Powdered form of a mineral (use porcelain tile)

Cleavage

Flat, smooth sides on a mineral

Acid Reaction

Calcite and limestone react to acid

Physical Properties

Depend on internal arrangement of atoms

Rock Classification

Based on how they were formed

Rock Identification

By their physical appearance

Sedimentary Rocks Formation

From sediments by compaction & cementation, evaporation, and organic remains

Sedimentary Rocks

Clastic and contain fossils

Clastic

Pieces of rock

Organic

Living

Igneous Rocks Formation

By the crystallization of molten magma or lava

Intrusive Rocks

Large crystals - slow cooling - coarse to very coarse

Extrusive Rocks

Small crystals - fast cooling - glass to fine

Vesicular

Gas pockets (cooled fast - extrusive - volcanic)

Igneous Rocks Texture

Glassy texture, visible interlocking crystals, or vesicular

Metamorphic Rocks Formation

From heat and pressure (recrystallization)

Metamorphic Rocks

Have foliation

Foliation

Banding

Contact Metamorphism

Molten rock coming in contact with other rocks

Regional Metamorphism

Over large areas and associated with mountain building

Shale to

Slate

Luster

The way a mineral reflects light

Luster Identification

Metallic or nonmetallic

Hardness

Mineral's ability to scratch or be scratched

Glass Scratch Test

If the mineral scratches glass, it is harder than glass

Fracture

Mineral breaks into pieces with uneven surfaces

Composition

Elements that make up a mineral

Clastic Rocks Formation

By compaction and cementation

Clastic Rocks

Also called Fragmental rocks

Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Classification

By texture and grain size

Crystalline and Bioclastic Sedimentary Rocks Classification

By texture

Extrusive Rocks

Volcanic

Grain Size of Glassy Extrusive Rock

Non-crystalline

Melting in Metamorphic Rocks

Melting does not occur in the process of making Metamorphic rocks

Extrusive rocks were formed

on the surface - volcanic

Intrusive rocks were formed

inside the Earth - plutonic

Molten rocks =

igneous intrusions

Sandstone to

quartzite

Limestone to

marble