Rocks & Minerals

  • Minerals are / solid, naturally occurring, inorganic substances

  • Inorganic / not living

  • Minerals are identified on the basis of / well defined physical and chemical properties

  • Worst way to ID a mineral / color

  • Streak / powdered form of a mineral (use porcelain tile)

  • Cleavage / flat, smooth sides on a mineral 

  • Calcite and limestone react to / acid

  • Physical properties of a mineral depend on / internal arrangement of atoms

  • Rocks are classified on the basis of / how they were formed

  • Rocks are identified by their / physical appearance

  • Sedimentary rocks form from / sediments by compaction & cementation, evaporation and organic remains

  • Organic / living

  • Sedimentary rocks are / clastic and contain fossils

  • Clastic / pieces of rock

  • Igneous rocks form by / the crystallization of molten magma or lava

  • Intrusive / large crystals - slow cooling - coarse to very coarse

  • Extrusive / small crystals - fast cooling - glass to fine

  • Extrusive rocks were formed / on the surface - volcanic

  • Intrusive rocks were formed / inside the Earth - plutonic

  • Vesicular / gas pockets (cooled fast - extrusive - volcanic)

  • Igneous rocks have a / glassy texture, visible interlocking crystals or vesicular

  • Metamorphic rocks form from / heat and pressure (recrystallization) 

  • Metamorphic rocks have / foliation

  • Foliation / banding

  • Molten rocks = igneous intrusions

  • Contact metamorphism / molten rock coming in contact with other rocks

  • Regional metamorphism / over large areas and is associated with mountain building 

  • Shale turns into / slate

  • Sandstone turns into / quartzite

  • Limestone turns into / marble

  • Luster / the way a mineral reflects light

  • Luster is identified by / metallic or nonmetallic 

  • Hardness / minerals ability to scratch or be scratched 

  • If the mineral scratches glass it is / harder than glass

  • Fracture / mineral breaks into pieces with uneven surfaces

  • Composition / elements that make up a mineral 

  • Clastic rocks formed by / compaction and cementation

  • Clastic rocks are also called / Fragmental rocks

  • Clastic sedimentary rocks are classified by / texture and grain size

  • Crystalline and Bioclastic sedimentary rocks are classified by their / texture

  • Extrusive = volcanic 

  • What is the grain size of an extrusive rock with a glassy texture? / non-crystalline

  • Melting does not occur in the process of making / Metamorphic rocks