Anatomy in-class quizzes

Which of the following terms can be used almost interchangeably with posterior?

dorsal

Which of the following terms means closer to the midline of the body?

medial

A cut along which of the following planes would divide the body into anterior and posterior sections?

 

frontal plane

Which of the following is not part of the integumentary system?

 

hyaline cartilage

What is the most superficial layer of the skin?

 

epidermis

Which of the following layers of the skin is avascular (has no blood supply)?

 

epithelium

Skin structures superficial to deep

epidermis, papillary layer, reticular layer, hypodermis, deep fascia, muscle

The most superficial layer of the epidermis includes the stem cell layer (stratum basale) that undergoes mitosis to produce new skin cells.

false

Thick skin covers most of the body and is where we find hair.

false

What do you do in the first phase of investigation in the differential diagnosis process?

ask questions

What is the connective tissue that covers the articular (joint) surfaces of bones?

 

hyaline cartilage

Which type of bone formation initially results in woven bone being created and then later remodeled?

 both intramembranous and endochondral

Which type of joints are characterized by joint capsules and lots of movement?

synovial

Muscle contraction that does not result in shortening or lengthening of the muscle belly or movement across a joint is ____________.

 isometric contraction

The antagonist muscle resists or opposes a desired movement.

True

Which features are typically true of veins but NOT arteries? (mark all that apply)

Have valves and carry blood toward heart

Arteries always carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart and there are no exceptions.

False

Which of the following would be considered abnormal curves?  Mark all that apply.

 Lumbar Hypolordosis and Thoracic Hyperkyphosis

Which of the following is the most posterior connective tissue in the vertebral column?

Supraspinous Ligament

Transverse Foramina are distinct features found in the thoracic spine.

False

The thoracic region of the spine consists of ___ vertebra.

12

Differential diagnosis least invasive to most invasive

questions, range of motion, palpation, orthopedic tests, neurologic tests, imaging/lab tests

Primary curves (kyphosis) are found in which regions during fetal development?

all

The outer fibers of the intervertebral disc are the anulus fibrosus.

True

A 40 degree lumbosacral angle would be considered normal.

True

Most of the flexion that happens when we tuck our chin toward our chest occurs between ___________ & _____________.

 

the occipital bone and the atlas

Cervical rotation primarily occurs at the atlanto-axial joint.

True

The head of most ribs articulate with two separate vertebral bodies.

True

Which of the following regions of the spine has uncinate processes?

cervical

Common, unique features of thoracic vertebrae

long/downward spines, transverse costal facets, costal demifacets

A traumatic spondylolysis is a fracture through the articular processes (like the dens) due to forced hyperextension of the head, such as during judicial hangings, and is often referred to as a "hangman's fracture."  Which vertebrae is typically involved in these injuries?

C2

The deep back muscles develop from the epimere and are innervated by dorsal  rami.

true

Which of the following ligaments is found on the posterior border of the vertebral foramen.

 ligamentum flavum

The bones of the upper limb are attached to the axial skeleton only via the clavicle

True

The brachial plexus includes which nerve roots

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

All of the digits (1-5) have what kinds of phalanx

proximal, distal

There are 33 vertebral segments but only 31 paired spinal nerves.

True

The first 120 degrees of shoulder abduction primarily takes place at which of the following joints?

glenohumeral

The last 60 degrees of shoulder abduction come from _____ movement.

scapulothoracic

Found within the anatomical snuff box?

Scaphoid, Trapezium, Styloid process of the radius

The subscapularis originates from the anterior surface of the scapula AND inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus AND is responsible for medial rotation of the humerus.

True

When the clavicle is fractured it tends to occur in the middle 1/3.

True

Muscles found in the thenar eminence typically control the ___________.

1st digit

The first 120 degrees of shoulder abduction take place at which joint?

glenohumeral

Which of the following muscles acts to stabilize the scapula against the thoracic wall and ribs?

 Serratus Anterior

If a patient has experienced a traumatic injury you should always get imaging of some sort.  (X-Ray, CT scan, MRI etc.)

False

Screening tests are best if they have a high sensitivity.  Confirmatory tests are best if they have a high specificity.

 True

If you suspect a patient has compartment syndrome (swelling isolated to one fascial compartment), which of the following tests would be best to confirm that.  

 check distal pulse

Which of the following nerves is a branch off of the posterior cord and you find in the posterior compartment of the arm?

radial

The deep fascia of the upper arm is called the brachial fascia.

True

Hitting the "funny bone" is actually hitting which of the following nerves on the medial side of the elbow?

ulnar

Which of the following structures marks the point at which the subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery?

 1st Rib

Pectoral fascia and clavipectoral fascia merge to form the axillary fascia.

 True

Which of the following structures marks the point at which the axillary artery becomes the brachial artery?

Teres Major

superficial veins of arm

Cephalic, bailic, median cubital

Which terminal branch of the brachial plexus supplies sensory innervation to the anatomical snuff box?

radial

The dorsal interossei muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve.

True

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the regions of the lower limb?

Sacral

Which of the following is NOT one of the bones of the os coxae

the acetabulum

Damage to which nerve would likely result in medial rotation of the humerus?

axillary

With an increased Q angle, such as seen in females, which area would be under increased strain and more vulnerable to injury?

 medial knee

The distal tibia rests on which bone?

 the talus

Nerve pathways that transmit pain and temperature sensation enter the spinal cord and immediately decussate, whereas pathways carrying touch, pressure, etc. enter the spinal cord and ascend to the medulla before decussating.

 True

The Q angle is typically greater in females than in males.

True

Which of the following attach on Gerdy's tubercle?

 Iliotibial tract

Which bursa would you find near the origin of the hamstrings at the ischial tuberosity?

 ischial bursa

Which muscle is primarily responsible for preventing pelvic un-leveling (hip drop) during walking?

 gluteus medius

There are three compartments of the thigh: Anterior, Posterior and Medial.  What is another name for the medial compartment of the thigh?

 the adductor compartment

Which of the following muscles would NOT be considered part of the anterior thigh?

 adductor longus

The sciatic nerve innervates which of the following muscles?

semitendinosus

Inflammation or injury to which muscle could cause sciatic nerve pain?

piriformis

The piriformis originates on the sacrum and insert onto the greater trochanter of the femur.  What is its action?

 lateral rotation of the hip

Which muscle is innervated by the nerve to the piriformis?

piriformis

The deep fascia of the thigh is known as ___________?

 fascia lata

THREE structures that make up the borders of the femoral triangle.

inguinal ligament, sartorius, adductor longus

The fibularis longus is found in which of the following compartments?

Lateral

What forms the superior border of the femoral triangle?

 inguinal ligament

If a patient complains of calf pain, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and intermittent claudication should always be at the top of your differential diagnosis list.

False

Which of the following muscles is the most lateral in the posterior thigh?

biceps femoris

Which of the following arteries would you use to evaluate a pulse if you were worried about compartment syndrome in the anterior (dorsiflexor) compartment of the leg?

dorsal pedis

If you found swelling in the popliteal fossa of a patient, which of the following would be a likely diagnosis?

tear of the cartilage within the knee joint

The junction between the manubrium and body of the sternum is called the sternal angle.

True

How many vertebrosternal (true) ribs do we have?

7

The head of the rib articulates with the transverse costal facet on the transverse process of the vertebrae.

False

Which of the following would not be found in the anterior compartment of the leg?

Vastus Intermedius

The thoracic region of the vertebral column makes up the posterior border of the thoracic region of the body.

True

The majority of tumors of the breast are found in the superolateral quadrant. 

True

The lateral thoracic artery is a branch off the axillary artery and supplies blood to the lateral aspect of the chest wall and the breast.

True

How many secondary (lobar) bronchi does the right lung have?

Three

At which intercostal space do you find the diaphragm anteriorly at rest?

4th

Which of the following would be considered false ribs?

 Rib 8

The darker area surrounding the nipple is called the _____________.

 areola

Venous blood from the chest wall drains directly into the superior vena cava via which of the following?

 azygous vein

Respiration can occur in

alveoli, respiratory bronchiole

The medial part of the breast is supplied by medial mammary branches from which of the following arteries?

 

internal thoracic artery

The lateral and posterior aspect of the thoracic wall are supplied by branches off which artery?

 lateral thoracic artery

The pre-ganglionic sympathetic neuron enters the sympathetic chain ganglion via __________________.

 white rami communicans

The visceral pleura is the serous membrane that directly covers the surface of the lung.

True

The internal thoracic vein drains blood into the subclavian vein while the azygous vein directly empties into the superior vena cava.

True

A preganglionic sympathetic neuron leaves the spinal nerve via the ______________ to synapse in the _________________ with the postganglionic neuron.

 white ramus communicans; sympathetic chain ganglion