single factor designs

independent group design

manipulated independent variable; random assignment to create equivalent groups

matched group design

manipulated independent variable, matching to produce equivalent groups

ex post facto designs

Subject variable as an independent variable, Deliberate attempts to select participants to reduce nonequivalence

repeated measures design

stroop; used reverse counterbalancing, manipulated independent variable, all subjects participate in all levels of the independent variable

using two levels of independent variable

ability to discover nonlinear effects, ability to rule out alternative explanations

when to use bar graph

independent group design; categorical or discrete data

when to use line graph

nonlinear results; continuous data

ebbinghaus memory research

The Forgetting Curve: Memory declines rapidly at first, then levels off over time, demonstrating a nonlinear effect best illustrated using a line graph rather than a bar graph.
within-subjects, multi-level design

t-test for independent samples

independent group design, nonequivalent groups design

t-test for dependent samples

matched groups design, repeated measures design

multiple t-tests

don’t use, increase chance of type 1 error

one-way anova for repeated measures

multilevel matched group designs, multilevel repeated measures

one-factor anova

multilevel independent groups, multilevel ex post facto designs

post hoc test

help to identify which specific group means differ from each other.