Outcome 1 cell biology

-mondays

What is the composition of the eukaryotic cell membrane?

The eukaryotic cell membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer that includes phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids, and integral and peripheral proteins.

What role do phospholipids play in the cell membrane?

Phospholipids are the primary building blocks of the cell membrane, forming a bilayer that creates a selectively permeable barrier.

What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

Cholesterol helps to regulate the fluidity and stability of the cell membrane, preventing the phospholipids from packing too closely or becoming too fluid.

What are integral proteins?

Integral proteins are embedded within the lipid bilayer and can extend through one or both sides of the membrane, serving roles such as transporters and receptors.

How do peripheral proteins differ from integral proteins?

Peripheral proteins are not embedded in the membrane but are attached to its surface and often interact with the cytoskeleton.

What factor affects cell membrane fluidity?

Several factors affect membrane fluidity, including the type of fatty acids, temperature, and the presence of cholesterol.

What is the main function of the cytoskeleton?

The cytoskeleton provides structural support and tracks for movement of organelles and vesicles within the cell.

What are the functions of lysosomes?

Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down cellular waste and debris, playing a role in autophagy.

What organelle is responsible for ATP production?

Mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and ATP production.

What process do chloroplasts facilitate?

Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy.

Define amphipathic molecules in relation to phospholipids.

Amphipathic molecules, like phospholipids, have both hydrophilic (water-loving) and hydrophobic (water-fearing) regions.