Organic Chemistry Test

test on Monday, May 8

Organic Chemistry

study of carbon and carbon compounds

Allotropes

different forms of the same element in the same state

What are the 3 allotropes of carbon?

diamonds, graphite, fallerene

What are the 2 categories of hydrocarbons?

Aliphatic and Aromatic

Aliphatic

hydrocarbons with the carbon atoms arranged in chains

Aromatic

hydrocarbons with the carbon atoms arranged in rings

What are the 3 types of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons?

alkanes, alkenes, alkynes

What Aliphatic hydrocarbon is saturated?

alkanes

What Aliphatic hydrocarbons are unsaturated?

alkenes and alkynes

Molecular Formula

actual composition of a molecule of a compound

Structural Formula

shows the arrangement of atoms and their bonds

Isomers

structural formulas that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements

prefix for 1:

meth

prefix for 2:

eth

prefix for 3:

prop

prefix for 4:

but

What are the 3 most common Alkyl groups?

methyl, ethyl, propyl

Alkanes

only single bonds

Alkenes

a double bond somewhere in the structure

Alkynes

a triple bond somewhere in the structure

Alcohols

Chain + Oxygen + Hydrogen

Ethers

Chain + Oxygen + Chain

Alkyl Halide

Chain + Halogen

Aldehydes

Chain + Carbon + Hydrogen, double bonded Oxygen on Carbon

Ketones

Chain + Carbon + Chain, double bonded Oxygen on Carbon

Amines

Chain + NH2

Carboxlyic Acid

Chain + Carbon + Oxygen + Hydrogen, double bonded Oxygen on Carbon

Esters

Chain + Carbon + Oxygen + Chain, double bonded Oxygen on the Carbon

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

contains benzene rings (alternating double bonds)

Cyclo Alkanes

ring of single bonds, at least 3 carbons