Apush #7

Embargo Act of 1807 effects

1. The economy staggered under the effect of the Act long before Britain or France began to bend
2. Forests of dead masks gradually fixed in New England's once-bustling harbors, docks that had once rumbled were deserted except for illegal trade and soup kitchens created for the hungry unemployed.
3. Jefferson hurt the commerce of New England which they were trying to protect.

Why the Louisiana Purchase? What are we going for here?

why:
1. prevent conflict with European nations
2. open to agriculture (land=money, money=power)
3. cheap land
4. Getting New Orlean

Forward:
1. Expand westward
2. conflict with natives

Jefferson - What does he want to portray?

He is a common man just like you

Constitutional powers - Who wants them?

democratic-republicans and federalist

Republican ideology includes what?

1. Limited government power
2. Strict interpretation of the constitution
3. agriculture economy
4. opposed national bank
5. Oppose large army
6. equality

TJ's thoughts on the Louisiana Purchase

Mixed

justification:
1. expand territory
2. More land for farmers
3. Less conflict
4. Implied power

internal conflict:
1. Contradict strict following of Constitution

What makes the US Constitution so unique as TJ finds out

The people have the power over the government

TJ and neutrality

1. avoid foreign alliance
2. Be neutral

Why buy Louisiana? End game?

Purpose:
1. Control the Mississippi River
2. Port of New Orleans (Trade)
3. Avoid European conflict
4. Expand territory
5. More land for farmers

Battle of New Orleans Details

1. was in the War of 1812
2. conflict between America and Britain
3. fought over British interference in American trade
4. The British planned to burn down a government building in Washington DC
5. Andrew Jackson set up barricades along a canal.
6. The British slowed down due to swampy terrain
7. 2000 British casualty. 23 American casualties.

TJ does what after taking office?

Continue Neutrality
Reduced:
Military (3000 troops)
Bureaucracy (Federal jobs)
Repealed excise taxes
national debt

Marbury v. Madison

John Adams appointed several judges to federal court including William Marbury. Consider the midnight judge because the president just appointed them before leaving office. Marbury was appointed but his commission was not delivered before TJ. John Marshall ruled that Marbury did have the right to commission but the court did not have the power to grant his request. Created Judicial review (the power of the Supreme Court to declare a law or an act of Congress unconstitutional)

Tecumseh's thoughts on white settlers?

Believed that they destroyed native american societies.

Calhoun & Clay

Calhoun:
1. U.S. Congressman, Senator, Secretary of War, and Vice President
3. nullification (states had the right to nullify federal laws they deemed unconstitutional)
5. part of the war hawk (group of young politicians advocating for the War of 1812 against Britain.)

Clay:
1. U.S. Congressman, Speaker of the House, and U.S. Senator.
2. known as the "Great Compromiser"
4. part of war hawk

How much do we get in the Louisiana Purchase?

Cost $15 million (4 cents per acre). around 828k square miles. Double the size of the us.

Treaty of Ghent final results

1. Ended the War of 1812
2. fostered us national identity

"Revolution of 1800"? How so?

1. First peaceful transfer of power between rivals (federalist to a democratic republican)
2. shifted political ideology
3. Intense political campaign

All details on the Louisiana Purchase

* French tricked Spain into giving back land
* TJ feared European conflict due to Western expansion
* offered $10 million for New Orlean (Declined)
* ended up selling all of Louisiana for $15 million.
* double the size of the us

Why fight Britain? Isn't France bad too?

The British were attacking American ships and capturing (Impressment) or killing Americans

jefferson and party politics

founding member of the Democratic-Republican Party Stay neutral, "We are all Federalists, we are all Republicans"

Bombing of Fort McHenry

located in Baltimore, Maryland, and best known for its role in the War of 1812, when it successfully defended Baltimore Harbor from an attack by the British navy in Chesapeake Bay September 13-14, 1813. The sight was seen by Francis Scott Key and he wrote a poem about it (Star Spangled Banner). Turning point of war.

Why do we get into the War of 1812?

1. Impressment of American Sailors
2. Trade Restrictions
3. pressure from war hawks
4. Declaration of peace wasn't sent in time

Burr and Hamilton. What's the beef?

Hamilton said that Burr was more dangerous than TJ (endorsed TJ)
Burr challenged Hamilton to a dual in New Jersey.
Burr killed Hamilton (Cheating or misunderstanding peace)

Lewis and Clark - All the details and reasons why Louisiana Purchase was controversial

* was sent by tJ to explore Lousiana
* Lewis was the bronze and Clark was the brain
* The Constitution did not explicitly give the federal government to buy land

Strict vs. Loose Constructionism

strict constructionism was to interpret the Constitution specifically according to the powers granted to the government (e.g. Jefferson's theoretical approach). Loose constructionism/interpretation assumes broad powers so long as they are not expressly denied to the federal government by the Constitution (Hamilton and Marshall's approach)

Agrarian vs. industrial visions of the country

Agrarian:
1. advocated by TJ, Madison, rich southern farmers
2. Focused on agriculture as the foundation of the economy
3. Limited government
4. Rooted in enlightenment ideals (More moral and independent)

Industrial:
1. Advocated by Hamilton
2. Focus on manufacturing, commerce, innovation, growth of factories, urbanization
3. Supported by urban centers and a diverse workforce
4. More powerful central government
5. More innovation, more independent from other nations