2.1 Water Practice test

Which country consumes the most bottled water by volume?

China

The bottled water market has grown primarily due to:

Water quality concerns & health awareness

U.S. soft drink consumption is projected to fall to ____ gallons by 2027.

30.5

Which type of bottled water originates from a confined aquifer that has been tapped?

Artesian water

Mineral water must contain at least:

250 ppm total dissolved solids

Which regulatory body oversees bottled water in the United States?

FDA

Tap (municipal) water quality and safety are regulated by which organization?

EPA

Approximately what percentage of a person’s body weight is water?

55–66%

A person usually begins to feel thirst after losing what percent of body fluids?

1%

Water loss through urine accounts for roughly what portion of total daily water loss?

3/4

Which of the following is not a primary use of water in the human body?

Source of dietary energy

Water activity (aw) of pure water is:

1.0

Most bacteria cannot grow below what water activity level?

0.90

Which microorganism can grow at the lowest water activity level?

Most fungi

Which type of water in food makes up less than 0.03% of total water and cannot act as a solvent?

Constitutional water

Which type of water acts like pure water and allows microbial growth?

Bulk phase water

In baked bread, water acts as all of the following except:

Preservative for long-term storage

Dehydration and freezing both:

Reduce available water for spoilage organisms

The Maillard reaction involves the interaction between:

Proteins (amines) and reducing sugars

Adding salts and sugars to foods primarily helps by:

Lowering water activity

Which type of bottled water comes naturally to the surface from an underground formation?

Spring water

Which process is used to produce purified or demineralized water?

Distillation or reverse osmosis

Which disease is responsible for about 19% of childhood deaths in developing countries?

Diarrheal disease

How many cups of water should an average person drink per day?

6–8 cups

Which of the following drinks increases urine excretion and is not a good water source?

Coffee

Which is NOT a primary use of water in the body?

Source of calories

What is the water activity (aw) range for foods?

0.0 to 1.0

At what water activity level is bacterial growth restricted?

Below 0.90
Below 0.80
Below 0.70
Below 0.95

Which food product has a water activity closest to 0.20?

Milk powder

Which type of water makes up about 96% of total water in food and behaves like pure water?

Bulk phase water

Which type of water in food is tightly held to particle surfaces by hydrogen bonds?

Vicinal water

Reducing water activity in food can help:

Control microbial growth and enzymatic spoilage