Survey of Eukaryotes 1

Eukaryotic organisms studied in microbiology

unicellular, colonial, multicellular

Example of a unicellular eukaryotic

protozoa

Examples of eukaryotes that can be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular

fungi and algae

Examples of eukaryotes that are multicellular except the reproductive stages

helminths (parasitic worms) and arthropods 

Flagella in eukaryotes

covered by cell membrane

moves in whip like fashion

long sheathed cylinder with regularly spaced microtubules

Cilia

shorter and more numerous than flagella

found on protozoa and animal cells

feeding and filtering

Glycocalyx

polysaccharide matrix covering the cell membrane

functions as a receptor and protection from drying/environmental stress

Eukaryotic cell wall

found in fungi and algae

provides shape and structure

Eukaryotic cell membrane

composed of phospholipids and sterols

made up of carbohydrates and proteins

Nucleus 

site of ribosomal RNA synthesis 

rRNA transported to cytoplasm for ribosome assembly 

transcription happens in nucleus

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

network of hollow sacs for that synthesize and transport cell substances

2 parts of ER

rough and smooth ERR

Rough ER

ribosomes attached. Sites of protein synthesis 

In Eukaryotic cells, what is the site of protein synthesis

rough ER and ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Smooth ER

site of lipid synthesis and detoxification of metabolic waste products

Golgi apparatus

packages proteins for transport inside and outside the cell

Mitochondria

Cristae increase the surface area where aerobic respiration can occur

produces ATP through aerobic respiration

How does the Cristae help increase aerobic respiration

they increase surface area, thus increasing the amount of electron transport chains that can be on the surface, generating ATP

What is cytoskeleton made up of

microfilament and microtubules

Microfilaments

composed of protein actin

involved in transport and movement

Microtubules

hollow tubes made of tubulin

spindle fibers in mitosis attach to chromosomes and separate them