Solutions and Phase Changes

Flashcards on Solutions, Phase Changes, and Molecular Properties

Saturated Solution

The maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature.

Supersaturated Solution

More than the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature. Unstable.

Unsaturated Solution

More solute can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature.

Vapor Pressure

The pressure exerted by molecules which escaped into the gas phase above its liquid.

Melting

A phase change from the solid to the liquid state.

Freezing

A phase change from the liquid to the solid state.

Vaporization

A phase change from the liquid to the gaseous state.

Condensation

A phase change from the gaseous to the liquid state.

Sublimation

A phase change from the solid to the gaseous state.

Deposition

A phase change from the gaseous to the solid state.

Intermolecular Force

The forces between molecules.

London Dispersion Force

Weak and temporary induced attractions between molecules.

Hydrogen Bonding

Strong attraction between molecules caused by the permanent dipole of hydrogen and a very electronegative atom (N, O, or F).

Polar

The unequal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond.

Boiling Point

When the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to or greater than the atmospheric pressure.

Dilution

Process of adding solvent to a solution to lower the concentration of solute.