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William G. Morgan

Inventor of volleyball in 1895.

Mintonette

Original name of volleyball.

YMCA Physical Director's Conference

Event where volleyball was introduced in 1896.

Elements combined to form volleyball

Ball from basketball, net from tennis, use of hands from handball.

Innings in volleyball

Later called sets, derived from baseball.

1895

Year volleyball was invented by William G. Morgan.

First official game of volleyball

Played at Springfield College in 1896.

Spalding

Designed the special ball for volleyball in 1900.

Skill of spiking

Introduced in the Philippines in 1916.

First national volleyball championship

Held in Brooklyn, New York in 1922.

Volleyball at the Paris Olympics

Demonstrated as a sport in 1924.

FIVB

Formation of the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball in 1947.

First Men's World Championship

Held in Prague, Czechoslovakia in 1949.

First Women's World Championship

Held in Moscow, USSR in 1952.

Volleyball in the Olympic Games

Officially included in 1964 in Tokyo.

Beach volleyball recognition

Became recognized by the FIVB in 1986.

Beach volleyball in Olympics

Introduced as an Olympic sport at the Atlanta Games in 1996.

Libero position

Introduced at the Sydney Olympics in 2000, specializing in defense.

Sitting volleyball

Featured as a Paralympic sport at the London Olympics in 2012.

Volleyball Olympic anniversary

Celebrated 56 years as an official Olympic sport in 2020.

Team Composition

Each team has 6 players on the court (3 front row, 3 back row).

Substitutes in volleyball

Teams can have substitutes and one libero (defensive specialist).

Objective of the Game

Send the ball over the net and ground it on the opponent's court. Prevent the opponent from doing the same.

Scoring System

A match is played in best-of-five sets. A team wins a set by scoring 25 points (must win by 2). The deciding 5th set (if needed) goes up to 15 points (win by 2). Rally Point System: Every rally ends with a point, no matter who served.

Serving Rules

The game begins with a serve from behind the end line. The ball must go over the net without touching the ground before crossing. If the server steps on/over the line, it is a fault.

Hits and Contacts

Each team is allowed a maximum of 3 hits before sending the ball over. A player cannot hit the ball twice in a row (except after a block). Ball can touch any body part as long as it's a clean hit (not held or carried).

Rotation

Players must rotate clockwise every time they win back the serve. This ensures every player takes turns serving and playing different positions.

Net Rules

No touching the net during play (except when the ball pushes it into you). Players may reach over the net only during a block (but not before the opponent completes an attack). Crossing the center line with a foot/hand is a violation if it interferes with play.

Ball In/Out

Ball is in if it touches any part of the boundary line. Ball is out if it lands completely outside the boundary.

Attack Rules

Back-row players cannot spike in front of the 3-meter line. Libero cannot block, serve (in some leagues), or attempt to spike above the net height.

Winning the Game

First team to win 3 sets wins the match.

Fundamental Skills in Volleyball

1. Serving - Starting the rally by hitting the ball over the net. 2. Passing (Forearm Pass/Bump) - Receiving the serve or opponent's attack. 3. Setting - Positioning the ball for a hitter/spiker. 4. Attacking (Spike) - Hitting the ball forcefully downward to score. 5. Blocking - Preventing the opponent's attack from crossing the net. 6. Digging - Defensively saving the ball from hitting the ground after a spike.

First Referee (Head Referee)

a. Stands on the referee stand at the side of the net. b. Has the final authority in all decisions. c. Oversees the entire game, signals points, faults, and ensures rules are followed.

Second Referee (Umpire)

a. Positioned on the opposite side of the court, near the post. b. Assists the first referee by watching net violations, substitutions, and player positions. c. Manages the scorekeeper and ensures smooth game flow.

Scorer (Scorekeeper)

a. Sits at the scorer's table near the court. b. Keeps the official score sheet. c. Tracks points, rotations, substitutions, and time-outs.

Line Judges

a. Usually two (sometimes four) are assigned. b. Positioned at the corners of the court. c. Signal whether the ball lands in or out, touches the line, or if a player commits a foot fault during service.