aphg unit 5 final

Intensive Farming

A type of agriculture that involves high levels of input

Market Gardening

A form of horticulture that focuses on growing high-value

Plantation Agriculture

Large-scale commercial farming that typically specializes in the cultivation of a single crop

Mixed Crop/Livestock

A type of farming that combines the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock in a complementary manner.

Extensive Farming

Agriculture that requires relatively low inputs and labor per unit of land

Shifting Cultivation

A traditional farming method that involves rotating fields to allow soil to recover after periods of cultivation.

Nomadic Herding

A livelihood based on the continuous movement of livestock in search of fresh pasture and water.

Ranching

The practice of raising and grazing livestock

Clustered Settlement

A settlement pattern characterized by closely grouped buildings and houses

Linear Settlement

A settlement pattern characterized by buildings and houses arranged along a linear feature

Dispersed Settlement

A settlement pattern where buildings and houses are spread out over a wide area

Metes and Bounds

A system of land surveying that uses natural features and distances to define property boundaries.

Township and Range

A system of land surveying used in much of the United States

Long Lot

A land division pattern that gives each landowner access to a river or road

Domestication

The process by which humans selectively breed and cultivate plants and animals for specific traits or purposes.

Fertile Crescent

An ancient region in the Middle East known for its early agricultural development and fertile land.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants

Second Agricultural Revolution

A period of significant agricultural innovation and improvement in the 18th and 19th centuries

Green Revolution

A period of rapid agricultural advancement in the mid-20th century

Subsistence Farming

Agriculture primarily aimed at producing enough food for the farmer's family and local consumption.

Monocropping

The practice of growing a single crop repeatedly on the same land

Monoculture

The cultivation of a single crop species over large areas

Commercial Farming

Agriculture primarily focused on producing crops and livestock for sale in markets and distribution.

Bid-Rent Theory

An economic theory that explains how the price and demand for land vary with proximity to urban centers.

Commodity Chain

The network of production

Economies of Scale

The cost advantages that result from increasing the scale of production and reducing per-unit costs.

Carrying Capacity

The maximum population size that an environment can support with available resources.

Von Thunen Model

A theoretical model that explains the spatial distribution of agricultural activities based on transportation costs and market access.

Global Supply Chain

The interconnected network of production

Commodity Dependence

A situation in which a country relies heavily on the export of a single commodity or resource for its economic well-being.

Desertification

The process by which productive land becomes desert due to factors such as soil erosion and climate change.

Soil Salinization

The buildup of salt in the soil

Slash and Burn

An agricultural method involving the cutting and burning of vegetation to clear land for cultivation.

Terracing

A farming technique that involves creating stepped or sloped land surfaces for cultivation

Pastoral Nomadism

A way of life based on herding animals and moving them to different pastures in search of food and water.

Biotechnology

The use of biological processes

GMO

An organism whose genetic material has been altered through genetic engineering to achieve specific traits or characteristics.

Urban Farming

The practice of growing food and raising animals within urban or metropolitan areas.

Value-Added Specialty Crops

Crops that have undergone additional processing or modification to increase their value or market appeal.

Organic Farming

A farming method that avoids the use of synthetic chemicals and emphasizes sustainable and environmentally friendly practices.

Food Insecurity

The lack of consistent access to sufficient

Food Desert

An area with limited access to affordable and nutritious food

Agrarian

Relating to cultivated land or the cultivation of land.

Agribusiness

Agriculture conducted on commercial principles

Aquaculture

The rearing of aquatic animals (fish

Crop Rotation

The practice of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons in order to maintain soil fertility.

Dairy Farming

A class of animal farming for long-term production of milk

Feedlot

An area or building where livestock are fattened for market.

First Agricultural Revolution

The transformation of human societies from hunting and gathering to farming.

Genetically Modified Food

Food produced from organisms that have had changes introduced into their DNA using genetic engineering.

Grain Farming

A type of crop farming where grains

Horticulture

The practice of garden cultivation and management.

Intensive Agriculture

A system of agricultural production that uses a large amount of capital and labor relative to the space being used

small plots of land near large population centers

and high yield per acre.

Livestock Ranching

A commercial type of agriculture that produces meat for human consumption.

Mediterranean Farming

Agricultural activity in a climate characterized by mild

Milk Shed

The area around a city from which milk is supplied

also known as a milkshed.

Non-renewables

Resources that cannot be replaced easily by nature.

Specialization

The process of concentrating on and becoming expert in a particular subject or skill.

Third Agricultural Revolution

Also known as The Green Revolution. A period of rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology

Tragedy of the Commons

A situation in a shared-resource system where individual users acting independently behave contrary to the common good by depleting the shared resource