Understanding Homeostasis and Feedback Mechanisms

Homeostasis

Self-regulation systems optimizing body function and survival.

Set Point

Optimal conditions for body functions, e.g., pH levels.

pH Range

Blood functions best between 7.35-7.45.

Optimal Temperature

Cells function best at 36-37° C.

Blood Sugar Levels

Ideal range is 4-5.9 mmol/L.

Feedback Loops

Mechanisms maintaining homeostasis through responses.

Negative Feedback

Common mechanism pushing body toward normalcy.

Positive Feedback

Rare mechanism pushing body away from normalcy.

Thermoregulation

Process of maintaining body temperature.

Blood Glucose Regulation

Maintaining stable blood sugar levels.

Diabetes Mellitus

Condition disrupting blood glucose homeostasis.

Hyperglycaemia

High blood sugar levels causing cellular damage.

Insulin

Hormone regulating glucose entry into cells.

Type 1 Diabetes

Insulin deficiency due to beta-cell failure.

Type 2 Diabetes

Insulin resistance affecting glucose regulation.

Chemoreceptors

Sensors detecting changes in blood composition.

Peripheral Neuropathies

Nerve damage affecting homeostatic feedback.

Myasthenia Gravis

Autoimmune disorder disrupting neuromuscular transmission.

Multiple Sclerosis

Disease affecting nerve signal transmission.

Spinal Cord Injury

Damage affecting nervous system communication.

Stroke

Interruption of blood supply to the brain.

Hypothyroidism

Underactive thyroid affecting metabolic processes.

Addison's Disease

Adrenal insufficiency disrupting hormonal balance.

Cushing's Disease

Excess cortisol affecting body functions.