PTCE Medications 1

Pharmacology

The study of drugs and their effects on living organisms.

Pharmokinetics

What the body does to a drug

Four important components of PK

ADME

Bioavailability

the amount of drug reaching the blood circulation and can be used by the body

Bioequivalence

2 drugs having the same bioavailiblty

By mouth

Oral

PO

Under the tongue

Sublingual
SL

Between the gums and Cheek

Buccal

Into the muscle

Intramuscular
IM

Under the Skin

Subcutaneous
SC

Into the Vein

Intravenous
IV

Into the spinal cord spaces

Intrathecal

Into the rectum

Rectal
PR

Into the Vagina

Vaginal
PV

Through the skin

Transdermal

On the Skin

Topical

Into the nostril

Intranasal

Into the lungs

Inhalation

Into the ear

Otic
AS (left ear)
AD (right ear)
AU (both ears)

Into the eyes

Ocular or ophthalmic
OS (left eye)
OD (right eye)
OU (both eyes)

Pharmocodynamics

What the drug does to the body

Receptors

Proteins located inside the cell that the drugs reach

Agonist

Activate a response in the body

Antagonist

blocks an agonist from activating a receptor

Neurotransmitters

brain chemicals that send messages to the body by binding with specific recptors

Therapeutic Index

range of doses where a medication is safe and effective

Indication

a reason to use a certain treatment

Contraindication

a reason to not use a certain treatment due to harm that could cause the patient

Addition

combined effect of 2 drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each drug taken alone

Antagonism

the action of one drug blocks the action of another drug

Poteniation

one drug enhances or prolongs the effects of another drug

Synergism

the combined effect of 2 drugs is greater than the sum of the effect of two drugs

drug disease interaction

when a drug can cause harm because of a condition or disease a patient may have

drug nutrient interaction

when food or beverages increase or decrease the effects of drugs in the body

grapefruit juice

inhibits enzyme and can decrease metabolism of certain drugs leading to an excess amount of drug in the bloodstream

green leafy veggies

can reduce the blood thinning effects of vitamin k

dairy foods

can prevent absorption of certain drugs by binding and preventing absorption

amoxil

amoxicillin

Glucophage

metformin

lexapro

escitalopram

Lipitor

atorvastatin

Percocet

oxycodone/acetaminophen

Prinivil/Zestril

Lisinopril

Synthroid

levothyroxine

toprol xl

metoprolol extended release

xanax

alprazolam

zithromax

azithromycin

card/io

heart

carcin/o

cancer

cyto

cell

enter/o

intestine

derma

skin

gastr/a

stomach

pharyng/o

throat(pharynx)

ab-

away from

ad-

toward

bi-

both or two

epi-

upon

macro-

large

micro-

small

pre-

before

post-

after

-itis

inflammation

-lysis

breakdown

-partum

birth

-pathy

disease

-otomy

to cut into

-scopy

visual examination