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Rhetorical Strategies
Techniques speakers use to influence an audience.
Rhetorical Situation
The context surrounding a text, including the speaker, subject, audience, and their relationships.
Speaker
The person or group who creates a text.
Occasion
The time and place a text is created or delivered.
Audience
The listener, viewer, or reader of a text, often with multiple layers.
Purpose
The goal the speaker wants to achieve.
Subject
The topic of the text; what the text is about.
Rhetorical Effects
The effects and effectiveness of rhetorical strategies on an audience.
Message
The speaker’s main idea or argument.
Ethos
An appeal to credibility and trustworthiness.
Logos
An appeal to reason using clear, rational ideas and evidence.
Pathos
An appeal to emotions, values, and desires of the audience.
Tone
The speaker’s attitude toward the subject conveyed through stylistic choices.
Rhetorical Choices
Decisions made by a writer or speaker to convey a message.
Organization
The structural choices in the arrangement of a text.
Diction
A speaker’s choice of words and their impact on the message.
Details
Examples, descriptions, or narratives included in a text.
Syntax
The arrangement of words into phrases, clauses, and sentences.
Imagery
Descriptive language appealing to the senses.
Figurative Language
Language that represents something significant beyond its literal meaning.
Metaphor
A figure of speech comparing two things without using "like" or "as."
Allusion
A brief reference to a person, event, place, or work of art.
Simile
A figure of speech comparing two things using "like" or "as."
Personification
Applying human qualities to nonhuman things.
Noun
A word used to name a person, place, thing, or idea.
Pronoun
A word used in place of a noun to avoid repetition.
Adjective
A word used to describe a noun or pronoun.
Verb
An action, state, or occurrence word; essential in a clause or sentence.
Adverb
A word used to modify a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
Preposition
A word showing relationships between nouns or pronouns.
Article
A word indicating whether a noun is definite or indefinite.
Conjunction
A word connecting words, phrases, or clauses.
Coordinating Conjunctions
Connect words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance (e.g., for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).
Subordinating Conjunctions
Connects a dependent clause to an independent clause (e.g., after, although, because).
Verbals
Words made from verb forms that do not function as verbs.
Gerund
A verbal ending in "-ing" that functions as a noun.
Infinitive
A verbal that usually begins with "to" and can function as a noun, adjective, or adverb.
Participle
A verbal that functions as an adjective.
Phrase
A group of words lacking a subject, a verb, or both.
Clause
A group of words that includes a subject and a verb.
Independent Clause
A clause that can stand alone and does not include a subordinating conjunction.
Dependent Clause
A clause that cannot stand alone and includes a subordinating conjunction.
Relative Clause
A dependent clause beginning with a relative pronoun (e.g., "who," "which," "that").
Subject
The noun or pronoun performing the action of the verb in a clause.
Predicate
The part of the sentence telling what the subject does or is.
Object
A noun or pronoun receiving the action of a verb.
Simple Sentence
A sentence with one independent clause.
Compound Sentence
A sentence with two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction.
Complex Sentence
A sentence with one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
Compound-Complex Sentence
A sentence with two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
Note 
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