Spain (Impact ww1 p3 & p2)

Nationalists

Rebels led by Franco and supported by fascist Germany and Italy

Republicans

Communist, socialist, anarchist loyalists supported by Soviet Union

Primo de Rivera

Military leader and dictator (1923-1930)

Giral

Left 1931-33

Caballero

Right 1933-36

Negrin

Left/Popular Front feb-july 1936

GDP decrease under Giral/Great Depression

20% in 1930s

Agrarian Reform Law

1932

Catalan Statue

1932

Giral military reform

Conservative military academy Zaragoza closed

Agrarian reform law limit

only 10% of families

Law Obligatory Cultivation limit

Minimal fines

Giral Catalan Statue 1932 limits

Did not give to Basque

PSOE led by

Caballero

Gil-Robles

Led CEDA

CEDA

Conservative right wing party

Caballero reforms…

Revoked and refused Giral’s reforms

Asturias Uprising

1934

Left opposition to Giral

Divided left wing and breakdown coalition

Left opposition to Caballero

Asturias Uprising

Left opposition to Negrin

Left reclaim land

Right opposition to Negrin

FAI popularity

Military Uprising

1936

Military uprising led by…

Mola, spanish military union, CEDA

Preston

Agrarian problems increased growth left strikes and antagonized conservatives social programmes

de la Cierva

Left wing lawlessness forced right to take actions

Counter de la Cierva

Battle to keep wealth rather than presented religious crusade

Republican interpretation

Right violated democracy

Victories for republicans in course of war

Fortress of Alcazar 1936, Battle for Madrid 1936, Guadalajara campaign 1937, Ebro Offensive 1938

Ebro Offensive 1938 showed…

improvements in Republican organisation

Ebro Offensive 1938 showed Negrin’s approach…

Prolong war to allow civil war to be absorbed in greater European war

Republican disunity led to..

Caballero resigned, Negrin takeover

By 1938, nationalist army is…

1/3 larger than Republican

Guernica

1937

Nationalist take Barcelona

1939 due to food shortages

Nationalist military advantage

Military Defense Council & loyal army officers

Republican military advantage

International bridgade

Republican militias weakness

Labour Unions worked independent of popular army

Nationalist militias & Falange forces advantage

Incorporated into normal military

Nationalist advantage war effort

Basque/Catalan 1937 and agricultural areas

Non-intervention agreement

1936

Prieto

Leader moderate socialists in PSOE

CNT

Left anarchists trade union

UGT

Left trade union

FAI

Extreme anarchists

Azana

First left republic and popular front president

CEDA

Right wing party for autonomous

Gil Robles

Leader CEDA and leader second right republic

May Days

1937

Knight

Civil war war inevitable due to backward economy

Beevor

Left responsible for war by refusing to join Popular Front

NIC limitations

Denied legal government advantages and de facto recognition of Franco

White terror campaign

Franco

Soviet aid ended in…

1938

Britain breaks NIC through…

1936 trading agreement & Gibraltar

Foreign aid led to…

Wider ideological conflict that overshadowed Spanish conflict

Bieno Negro

Second republic reversal reforms

Impact

Emboldened Hitler, ITG relations, soviet foreign policy, BRF appeasement

Number of troops Italy supplied

20,000