Health Science EOC Review!

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Assessment

The process of gathering information to evaluate the health status of individuals or populations. It includes analysis of patient history, physical examinations, and diagnostics to determine health needs.

Objective Data

results of diagnostic tests, measurements and observations

Subjective Information from Patient

symptoms and information that cannot be measured

Licensed Professional

someone who has met state-specific educational and testing requirements and is legally allowed to practice

Responsibilities of Local Health Departments

Disease prevention, health promotion, and emergency preparedness in the community

Complementary Medicine

used alongside conventional medicine (ex. using acupuncture in addition to pain medication)

Palliative Care

Focuses on providing relief from symptoms and stress of serious illness in order to improve quality of life

Assisted Living

Housing for the elderly or disabled with some help with daily activities

Cardiac Care Unit (CCU)

specialized care facility for patients with heart problems

Continuing Care Community

facility that offers multiple levels of care from independent living to skilled nursing

Emergency Room (ER)

Immediate care for acute illness or trauma

General Unit

Standard hospital unit for non-critical care

Hospice

End-of-life care focusing on comfort

Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

A specialized facility for critically ill or injured patients

Intermediate Care Facility

Care for people who need more help than in a group home but less than in a nursing home

Transitional Care Unit

For patients recovering from hospital stays before going home or to a long-term care facility. It focuses on rehabilitation and ensuring a safe return to the community.

Psychiatric Hospital

Specializes in mental health treatment

Rehab Unit/Hospital

Focuses on physical therapy, occupational therapy, and rehabilitation

Skilled Nursing Facility

Offers medical care and daily living support

Acupuncture

inserting needles at specific points to relieve pain

Chiropractic

focuses on spinal alignment and musculoskeletal disorders

Holistic Medicine

treats the whole person (mind, body, spirit)

Homeopathy

uses small doses of natural substances to stimulate healing

Massage Therapy

manipulation of muscles to reduce tension and pain

Osteopathy

emphasizes physical manipulation of muscle tissue and bones

Reflexology

applying pressure to feet, hands, or ears to affect body systems

Therapeutic Touch

energy-based healing technique using hands

Ethical Dilemma

Does not always have clear answer, often complex

Importance of Code of Ethics

Guides behavior, promotes trust and integrity

Euthanasia

intentional act to end a person’s life to relieve suffering

Respecting Refusal of Care

Supports patient autonomy and legal rights

Implied Consent

assumed permission in non-verbal situations (ex. an unconscious patient)

HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)

protects patient health information privacy and security

Advance Directive

legal document stating a patient’s healthcare wishes

Agent

Person authorized to make healthcare decisions for someone else

Assault

Threat or attempt to injure

Battery

Physical contact without consent

Breach of Contract

Breaking a legal agreement

Confidentiality

Keeping patient information private

Contract

Legal agreement between two or more parties

Defamation of Character

False statements harming someone’s reputation

Durable Power of Attorney

Legal document designating someone to make decisions if you’re incapacitated

Express Consent

Clearly stated permission

False Imprisonment

Holding someone against their will

Fraud

Intentional deception for personal gain

Informed Consent

Patient agrees after understanding procedure risks/benefits

Libel

Written defamation

Living Will

Outlines end-of-life wishes

Slander

Spoken defamation

Human Development

Includes physical, emotional, and psychological changes

Erikson’s Theory

Development occurs in eight stages, each with a specific conflict

Caring of dying Patients

Provide comfort, listen, and support dignity

Infancy (Erikson’s)

Trust vs. Mistrust, feeding/comfort, 0-18 months

Toddler/Early Childhood (Erikson’s)

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, toilet training/dressing, 2-3 years old

Preschool (Erikson’s)

Initiative vs. Guilt, play and exploration, 3-5 years old

School Age (Erikson’s)

Industry vs. Inferiority, school and activities, 6-11 years old

Adolescence (Erikson’s)

Identity vs. Role Confusion, self-exploration and social relationships, 12-18 years old

Young Adult (Erikson’s)

Intimacy vs. Isolation, forming intimate relationships, 19-39 years old

Middle Adult (Erikson’s)

Generativity vs. Stagnation, contributing to society and supporting future generations/work and parenthood, 40-64 years old

Maturity (Erikson’s)

Ego Integrity vs. Despair, reflecting on life and finding meaning, 65 years and older

Most Injuries

Caused by poor body mechanics

Egronomic Supports

proper chairs, keyboard placement, wrist pads

Lifting

use leg and thigh muscles, do NOT use your back

Immune Response

Body attacks pathogens via white blood cells and antibodies

Harmful Microorganisms

parasites or pathogens

Viruses

Hard to treat, invade cells and mutate rapidly

Standard Precautions

always used when in contact with bodily fluids or patients

Pathogen

Disease-causing microorganism

Normal Flora

Non-harmful microorganisms on/in the body

Opportunistic Infection

takes advantage of weekend immune system

Aerobic

needs oxygen to survive

Antiseptic

used on skin to kill germs

Disinfectant

used on surfaces

Sterilization

Destroys all microorganisms

Nosocomial Infection

Hospital-acquired infection

Untrained Task (Fire Safety)

Don’t perform—report to supervisor

Fire Extinguisher (Fire Safety)

Aim at the base of the fire

ABC Extinguisher (Fire Safety)

Works on multiple fire types (wood, grease, electrical)

Chemical Info (Fire Safety)

Refer to MSDS (material safety data sheet)

Triage

treat most critical patients first

Closed Toe Shoes

prevent injury to feet in workplace environments.

No Perfume

avoid allergic reactions

Hair Tied Back

Prevent contamination

Simple Jewelry

Prevent injuries and spread of infection

Dental Hygiene

Prevents bad breath, builds trust

Dealing with Prejudice

Acknowledge and work to overcome it

Culture

shared values, beliefs, and norms of a group

Disrespect

making assumptions or not honoring differences

Western Medicine

emphasizes science, medication, and technology

Physiological (Maslow’s)

food, water, shelter (bottom of pyramid, basic needs)

Safety and Security (Maslow’s)

job, health, protection (second on pyramid of needs)

Love/Affection (Maslow’s)

relationships, belonging (third on pyramid of needs)

Esteem (Maslow’s)

achievement, respect (fourth on pyramid of needs)

Self-Actualization (Maslow’s)

reaching full potential, personal growth and fulfillment (highest level oh pyramid of needs)

Successful Communication

Message is clearly received and understood

Listening

Most important skill

Consent

capable patient’s decision, cannot be overridden

Limits of Consent

Minors, mental incapacity

Written Documentation vs. Oral Documentation

Written is permanent, MUST be accurate; written is preferred over oral

Charting

Recording observations, procedures, and outcomes