Organic Chem 1 Exam:

1-Carbon chain

Methyl

2-Carbon chain

Ethyl

3-Carbon chain

Propane

4-Carbon chain

Butane

5-Carbon chain

Pentane

6-Carbon chain

Hexane

7-Carbon chain

Heptane

8-Carbon chain

Octane

9-Carbon chain

Nonane

10-Carbon chain

Decane

11-Carbon chain

Undecane

12-Carbon chain

Dodecane

H/CH₃ Eclipse Torsional strain

1.3 kcal/mole

H/H Eclipse Torsional strain

1.0 kcal/mole

CH₃/CH₃ Torsional Strain

3.0 kcal/mole

3-Carbon Ring

Cyclopropane

4-Carbon Ring

Cyclobutane

5-Carbon Ring

Cyclopentane

6-Carbon Ring

Cyclohexane

7-Carbon Ring

Cycloheptane

8-carbon Ring

Cyclooctane

9-Carbon Ring

Cyclononae

10-Carbon Ring

Cyclodecane

11-Carbon RIng

Cycloundecane

12-Carbon Ring

Cyclododecane

Equillibrium favors what in acid/base reaction?

The weaker acid

Strong Acid

Gives up H⁺ completely in water

Weak acid

Only partially gives up H⁺

Strong Base

Strongly grabs H⁺

Weak Base

Weakly grabs H⁺

Trans

Substituents on opposite sides of the molecule

Cis

Substituents on the same side of a molecule

Confromations

Different shapes of a molecule from bond rotations

Staggered

Lower energy conformations

Eclipsed

Higher energy conformation

Gauche

Steric strain only

Steric strain

Energy increase due to atoms being too close together

Torsional strain

Energy increase due to eclipsed bonds

Bronsted Lowry Acid

Proton donor(H⁺)

Bronsted Lowry Base

PRoton acceptor(H⁺)

Strongest intermolecular force

Ion-Ion

Weakest intermolecular force

London dispersion forces

When electrons can go 3 directions what hybridization is a molecule?

sp²

When electrons can go 2 directions what hybridization is a molecule?

sp

When electrons can go 4 directions what hybridization is a molecule?

sp³

What bond angle does an sp molecule have?

Linear 180^o

What bond angle does an sp² molecule have?

120^o

What bond angle does an sp³ molecule have?

109^o

Alkane

No other functional group present

Alkene

C=C double bond

Alkyne

C≡R triple bond 

Aromating ring

Ring with alternating double and single bonds

Halide

C-F, C-Cl, C-Br, or C-I bond)

Alcohol

R-OH bond

Ether

R-O-R bond

Amine

R-N bond

What determines the degree of an amine?

How many carbons are attached to nitrogen

Thiol

R-SH bond

Lewis Acid

Electron pair acceptor

Lewis Base

Electron pair donator

Nucleophile

Lewis Base

Electrophile

Lewis Acid