Types of Neurons

Multiple polar neurons

1 axon
Many dendrites

Bipolar neuron

1 axon
1 dendrite
(sensory neurons)

What are Interneurons?

Link sensory and Motor neurons
- Multipolar neurons

Unipolar neurons

1 axon split
- in Somatosensory

What are sensory neurons

Detect changes in environment and send signals to CNS
- Unipolar and Bipolar neurons

What are Motor neurons?

Control muscles

What is a Stellate Cell and where are they?

Star Shape
In various areas
- Cortex, Cerebellum, Thalamus

What is a Pyramidal Cell and where are they?

Pyramid Shape
Various Areas
- Cortex, Amygdala, and Hippocampus

What is a Purkinje Cell and where are they?

Cerebellum

What do the 6 layers of gray matter represent?

Different layers in the nervous system that have different types of cells
- Density differs from layer to layer

What did Brodmann do? n (1905)

Make a map of the brain by looking at it's density and orientation

What is in Layer I of the cortical layers?

Layer at the surface
- Contains axons and dendrites
- Few cell bodies

What is in Layer II of the cortical layers?

Densely packed stellate cells
- Few pyramidal cells

What is in Layer III of the cortical layers?

Loosely packed stellate cells
- Intermediate amount of pyramidals

What is in Layer IV of the cortical layers?

Densely packed stellate cells
- NO pyramidal cells

What is the Association layers?

Cortical Layers I - II - III
- Named because it receives input from other layers (IV)

What is the Input layer?

Receives input from sensory systems and cortical areas
- Layer IV

What is the output layer?

Cortical layer V & VI
- Send axons to other areas of the brain

What is the sensory cortex in terms of cortical layers?

Bigger input layer

What is the motor cortex in terms of cortical layers?

Large output layer

What is cytoplasm?

Jelly-like substance inside the CELL body

What is the nucleus?

Central structure that houses chromosomes

What is a chromosome? (what is it made from)

Genetic material

- Made from DNA wound around histones

What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Folded membrane where proteins are assembled

What are ribosomes?

Proteins that READ genetic material

What is the golgi body function?

Packages protein molecules for transport

What are lysosomes function?

Transport incoming supplies and move/store waste

What is the function of the Mitochondria?

Provide cells with energy by breaking down nutrients
- Can be in terminal button and Soma

What is the cytoskeleton of the cell?

The protein matrix that gives a neuron its shape
- build-up structure

What are microtubules?

Tube made of TUBULIN that transport molecules
- Also helps to support structure of neuron

What is axoplasmic transport?

Movement of molecules assisted by motor proteins

Anterograde definiton/another name

Away from soma
- Kinesin

Retrograde definiton/another name

Towards Soma
- Dynein

What is equilibrium potential?

The point at which the 2 forces acting on an ion are balanced
- Net flow of ions across a membrane is 0