Biology - Chapter 2 Test

Protein

Transports oxygen, makes muscle movements possible, component of hair and nails

made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulfur,

Identified by number and order of amino acids

Lipids

Great source of long term energy

Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

Insulates and supplies calories

Carbohydrate

Great source of fast energy

Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen

Body breaks this down into glucose

Monosaccharide

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The monomer of carbohydrates

Formula: CH₂O

All starches digest into this

Disaccharide

A polymer of carbohydrates

Made up of two monosaccharides

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

Monomers of Carbohydrates

Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen

Polymers of Carbohydrates

Sugars & Starches

The two groups of Carbohydrates

Isomers

Compounds with the same chemical formula but different structural arrangements

Carbon-based

_________ molecules are the foundation of life

Metabolism

All of the chemical reactions that take place in organisms

Hydrolysis

any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds

Polymers of Lipids

triglycerides, phospholipids, waxes, and steroids

(Ex. Fats, Oils, Cholesterol, Waxes)

Monomers of Lipids

glycerol and fatty acids

H2O

______ must be removed for the glycerol and 3 fatty acids to combine and make lipids

Monomer of Proteins

Amino acids

Polymer of proteins

Polypeptides

Nucleic Acids

Stores genetic information, builds proteins

made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphate

Monomer of Nucleic Acids

Nucleotides

Polymer of Nucleic Acid

DNA & RNA

Hydrogen Bond

An attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom

Ex. water molecules

Cohesion

The attraction among molecules of a substance

Adhesion

The attraction among molecules of different substances

Solution

A mixture of substances that is the same throughout - a homogenous mixture

Solvent

The substance that is present in the greater amount and that dissolves another substance

Solute

A substance that dissolves in a solvent

Acid

A compound that releases a proton

Bases

Compounds that remove H+ ions from a solution

PH

A solutions acidity, or H+ ion concentration, is measure by the this scale

Polar

Water is a ______ molecule, meaning it has unequal sharing of electrons among atoms

electronegative oxygen

water has one ________________.

This helps water molecules bond together

Surface Tension

The property that allows liquid to resist external force

Expands

Water _______ when it freezes and becomes less dense

Temperature

water resists changing its _________.

Biomolecules

Food is a source of large molecules called ____________ which are needed for life

Monomers

The parts that make the substance up

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, & Nucleic Acids

The 4 biomolecules are _________

Polymer

A large molecule, or macromolecule, made of many monomers bonded together

Endothermic

Chemical reaction absorbs more energy than it releases

Chemical Reaction

Change substances into different substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds

Reactants

The substances changed during a chemical reaction

Products

The substances made by a chemical reaction

Bond Energy

The amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms

Equilibrium

Is reached when both the reactants and products are made at the same rate

Ex. Organisms maintaining homeostasis

Activation Energy

The amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start

Exothermic

Chemical reaction releases more energy than it absorbs

Ex. Burning wood

Catalyst

a substance that decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction and as a result also increases the rate of the chemical reaction.

Ex. Enzymes

Enzymes

catalysts in chemical reaction in living things

Substrates

The specific reactants that an enzyme acts on

Kyra

The coolest, hottest, funniest, most sexy person ever

(this question totally wasn’t just made so I would have 50 terms instead of an awkward 49)