Protein
Transports oxygen, makes muscle movements possible, component of hair and nails
made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulfur,
Identified by number and order of amino acids
Lipids
Great source of long term energy
Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
Insulates and supplies calories
Carbohydrate
Great source of fast energy
Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen
Body breaks this down into glucose
Monosaccharide
The monomer of carbohydrates
Formula: CH₂O
All starches digest into this
Disaccharide
A polymer of carbohydrates
Made up of two monosaccharides
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
Monomers of Carbohydrates
Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen
Polymers of Carbohydrates
Sugars & Starches
The two groups of Carbohydrates
Isomers
Compounds with the same chemical formula but different structural arrangements
Carbon-based
_________ molecules are the foundation of life
Metabolism
All of the chemical reactions that take place in organisms
Hydrolysis
any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds
Polymers of Lipids
triglycerides, phospholipids, waxes, and steroids
(Ex. Fats, Oils, Cholesterol, Waxes)
Monomers of Lipids
glycerol and fatty acids
H2O
______ must be removed for the glycerol and 3 fatty acids to combine and make lipids
Monomer of Proteins
Amino acids
Polymer of proteins
Polypeptides
Nucleic Acids
Stores genetic information, builds proteins
made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphate
Monomer of Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides
Polymer of Nucleic Acid
DNA & RNA
Hydrogen Bond
An attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom
Ex. water molecules
Cohesion
The attraction among molecules of a substance
Adhesion
The attraction among molecules of different substances
Solution
A mixture of substances that is the same throughout - a homogenous mixture
Solvent
The substance that is present in the greater amount and that dissolves another substance
Solute
A substance that dissolves in a solvent
Acid
A compound that releases a proton
Bases
Compounds that remove H+ ions from a solution
PH
A solutions acidity, or H+ ion concentration, is measure by the this scale
Polar
Water is a ______ molecule, meaning it has unequal sharing of electrons among atoms
electronegative oxygen
water has one ________________.
This helps water molecules bond together
Surface Tension
The property that allows liquid to resist external force
Expands
Water _______ when it freezes and becomes less dense
Temperature
water resists changing its _________.
Biomolecules
Food is a source of large molecules called ____________ which are needed for life
Monomers
The parts that make the substance up
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, & Nucleic Acids
The 4 biomolecules are _________
Polymer
A large molecule, or macromolecule, made of many monomers bonded together
Endothermic
Chemical reaction absorbs more energy than it releases
Chemical Reaction
Change substances into different substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds
Reactants
The substances changed during a chemical reaction
Products
The substances made by a chemical reaction
Bond Energy
The amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms
Equilibrium
Is reached when both the reactants and products are made at the same rate
Ex. Organisms maintaining homeostasis
Activation Energy
The amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start
Exothermic
Chemical reaction releases more energy than it absorbs
Ex. Burning wood
Catalyst
a substance that decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction and as a result also increases the rate of the chemical reaction.
Ex. Enzymes
Enzymes
catalysts in chemical reaction in living things
Substrates
The specific reactants that an enzyme acts on
Kyra<3
The coolest, hottest, funniest, most sexy person ever
(this question totally wasn’t just made so I would have 50 terms instead of an awkward 49)