immune dysfunction

primary cells are -

leukocytes

where are leukocytes stored?

thymus, spleen, bone marrow

what are the two types of immune cells?

phagocytes (eat) and lymphocytes (develop antibodies)

B cells -

produce antibodies

T cells -

destroy antibodies

when is IgG at mature levels?

8 years

when is IgM at mature levels?

1 year

when is IgA and IgE at mature levels?

6 years

what are changes to the lifestyle made by immunosuppressed children?

no live vaccines, no plants/flowers, neutropenic diet followed

a group of rare congenital disorders characterized by absence of both T and B cells

severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

what increases an individuals risk for SCID?

consanguineous marriage (intermarriage)

a child presents with constant infections, failure to thrive, and small thymus, minimal tonsils and lymph nodes - what do suspect?

SCID

what is the primary treatment for SCID?

hematopoietic stem cell transplant within the first 3 months of life

what is some additional treatment for SCID?

gene therapy, thymus transplant, enzyme replacement

retrovirus that attacks the immune system by destroying T lymphocytes

HIV

what labs will you monitor in a child with HIV?

low WBCs and low T cell counts

when a HIV positive woman is pregnant and give birth, what do you assume about the fetus?

they they also have HIV until proven otherwise

what interventions have prevented transmission of HIV during pregnancy?

taking antiretroviral medications throughout pregnancy, elective C sections

an infant commonly getting candidiasis is a sign of -

HIV

what is a common sign of HIV in older children?

recurrent bacterial infections

how is HIV treated?

a combination of at least 3 antiretroviral drugs from at least 2 categories

joint inflammation lasting longer than 6 weeks with no identifiable cause with an onset occurring at younger than 16 years of age indicates -

juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)

when are the two peaks of JIA?

preschool aged, adolescence

what are the two studies used to diagnosed JIA?

ESR and CRP

what is a non pharmalogical treatment of JIA?

physical therapy and range-of-motion exercises

what are common medications used to treat JIA?

NSAIDs, methotrexate, steroids, biologic response modifiers

the immune system identifies body tissue as foreign -

systemic lupus erythematosus

butterfly rash, fever, fatigue, hypertension, and abdominal pain are all common symptoms of -

lupus

what is a serious complication associated with lupus?

multiorgan failure

what is a common trigger of lupus?

the dark/ultraviolet light

what are diagnostic studies used for lupus?

ANA and LE

what is the goal of lupus treatment?

preventing outbreaks, treating outbreaks when they do happen, and preventing organ damage

what drugs are given to treat lupus initially?

NSAIDS and antimalarial drugs

what drugs are given later on in lupus treatment?

steroids and methotrexate

what medications are given to treat the neurologic symptoms of lupus?

immunosuppressive medications, antidepressants, antiepileptics

what does skin testing for allergies measure?

allergen specific IgE

what are some recommendations for treating insect stings and allergies?

cold compress, antipruritic (antihistamines), corticosteroids