Henry VIII Religion (1529-1547)

Flashcards about Henry VIII's religious changes.

What were the core beliefs of the Catholic Church during Henry VIII's reign?

Believed in transubstantiation, worship on Sundays and Holy Days, veneration of the Saints, and priests not marrying.

Who were the key critics of the Catholic Church during Henry VIII's reign?

John Wycliffe, Lutherans, Martin Luther, Robert Barnes, Thomas Cranmer, Hugh Latimer, Erasmus, and John Colet.

What were Martin Luther's key criticisms of the Catholic Church?

He criticized indulgences, the authority of the Pope and Cardinals, and the use of the Latin Bible.

What were Robert Barnes' religious views?

He wanted to radically alter religion.

What were Erasmus's views on the Catholic Church?

He wanted to purify the Roman Catholic Church and criticized its failings in 'In Praise of Folly'.

What was William Tyndale's key contribution to the Reformation?

He translated the Bible into English.

What was the impact of the Gutenberg printing press (1440-1450) on the Reformation?

Increased the speed at which information was passed.

What was the significance of Luther's 95 Theses in 1517?

He protested the Catholic doctrine of indulgences.

What did Luther do in 1520 after posting his 95 theses?

Outlined his views in works like 'On the Freedom of a Christian'.

What did 57% of people in Devon and Cornwall do between 1520 and 1529?

Left money to religious guilds.

How did Pope Leo X reward Henry VIII for opposing Luther in 1521?

Granted him the title 'Defender of the Faith'.

What did Luther do in 1522 with the New Testament?

He published his own translation of the New Testament in German.

Which faction emerged in Court in 1527 and pushed for reform of the Church?

boleyn faction

What book, defended the power and authority of Kings, was given to Henry VIII by Anne Boleyn in 1528?

'Obedience of the Christian Man'.

What did Simon Fish's 'A Supplication for the Beggars' criticize in 1529?

Critiqued greedy priests, monks, and cardinals.

Who was dismissed and replaced by Thomas More in 1529?

Cardinal Wolsey.

What was the significance of the Parliament summoned in 1529?

Voiced anticlerical concerns.

What did Christopher St Germain emphasize in the 1530s?

Emphasized the role of the state in controlling the Church.

What did a royal proclamation in 1530 do regarding English Bibles and Tyndale?

Prohibited the circulation of English Bibles and exiled Tyndale.

What did Thomas Cranmer do in 1533 that defied the Catholic Church?

Declared Henry and Catherine of Aragon's marriage null.

Why was Thomas More executed in 1535?

Executed for not recognizing Henry VIII as Head of the Church of England.

What happened to Tyndale in 1536?

Burnt at the stake for heresy.

What did the Reformist faction secure in 1543?

Secured Henry's marriage to Catherine Parr.

Why was Anne Askew executed in 1546?

Burnt for denying transubstantiation.

What was the argument against the rich monasteries in 'Valor Ecclesiasticus' and 'A Supplication for the Beggars'?

Lavish life contradicted the life of Christ/apostles.

Why were some people content with the Church before the Reformation?

People were content with the Church, it provided comfort and social benefits, and Catholic literature was successful.

what act prompted Sir Thomas More to resign as Chancellor?

Resigned after 'Submission of the Clergy'.

What was Thomas Cromwell's key suggestion to Henry VIII regarding the Church?

Suggested Henry place himself as head of the Church of England.

How did Anne Boleyn contribute to the Reformation?

Introduced 'Obedience of the Christian Man'.

How was Thomas Cranmer appointed Archbishop of Canterbury?

Elected as Archbishop in 1533.

What was encouraged by the Reformation Parliament of 1529?

Cromwell began collecting evidence of abuses.

What was the purpose of the Act limiting mortuary fees and fees for probate of Wills in 1529?

Limited the wealth of the Church.

What were scholars from Oxbridge sent to European universities to do in 1530?

Found support for divorce.

What did Henry VIII demand of the clergy in 1531?

Recognize him as 'sole protector and supreme head' of the Church.

What did the Act in Conditional Restraints of Annates (1532) do?

Prevents payments to Rome.

What was the significance of the Submission of the Clergy in 1532?

Allows Henry to choose bishops and veto church laws without approval of Rome.

What did the Act of Restraint of Appeals (1533) accomplish?

Denying people the right to appeal to the Pope against decisions in English courts.

What did the First Succession Act (1534) declare?

Declared Aragon marriage invalid, reserved succession to children of Henry and Anne.

What did the Act in Absolute Restraint of Annates (1534) do?

Payments to Rome abolished, bishops appointed by King.

What did the Act Extinguishing the Authority of the Bishop of Rome (1536) achieve?

Pope has no rights as a pastor or teacher in England.

What was one of the first steps taken in the dissolution of the monasteries?

Dissolving smaller monasteries.

What did the Act of First Fruits and Tenths (1534) allow Henry to do?

Henry could tax Church which was previously paid to Pope.

What power did the Act of Supremacy (1534) give to Henry VIII?

Henry supervise and reform all religious establishments.

What was the purpose of the Valor Ecclesiasticus in 1535?

Cromwell sent commissioners to survey value of monastic land and properties, found corruption.

What did the Act of Dissolution for Smaller Monasteries (1536) do?

Closed religious houses with land value of less than £200/year, closing 300 houses.

What was the immediate reaction to the Act of Dissolution for Smaller Monasteries?

Riots Louth, Lincolnshire.

Who led the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1536?

Robert Aske.

What did the Act of Dissolution of the Larger Monasteries (1539) accomplish?

Closure to all religious houses except chantries.

Why was the Court of Augmentations established in 1540?

To handle income and property from dissolution.

What economic factor contributed to the dissolution of the monasteries?

Source of wealth.

What political reasons contributed to the dissolution of the monasteries?

Monasteries would be places of hatred towards Henry due to their direct allegiance to the Pope and needed to nullify rebellion.

How did the Act of Dissolution of Smaller Monasteries justify the closure of monasteries?

Justified closure due to 'sin and abominable living'.

How did the dissolution of monasteries affect the King's finances?

40% of the entire Kingdom's wealth which financed foreign policy.

What triggered the Pilgrimage of Grace?

Opposition to Cromwell's policies broke out in 1536.

What did protesters in Louth, Lincolnshire do in 1536?

Took arms against Cromwell's commissioners and imprisoned them.

Why was the Pilgrimage of Grace a perceived threat to Henry VIII?

Threatened royal supremacy and act of succession.

Why was the Pilgrimage of Grace not a major threat to Henry VIII?

Non-violent and no intention to dispose of Henry VIII.

What was Thomas More's position on the Reformation?

Disagreed with direction of the Reformation.

What actions of John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, led to his execution?

Refused to swear oath which recognised Anne as Queen and vocally criticised Henry.

What was the goal of the Aragonese Faction?

Worked to ensure Mary would be next in succession.

What prediction did Elizabeth Barton make to Henry VIII?

Said Henry VIII would be dead if he left his wife.

How did Carthusian monks resist Henry VIII's religious changes?

Preached against divorce, supremacy and religious changes to preserve order of religious beliefs.

What was stated in the Ten Articles of 1536?

Only three sacraments necessary.

What did the New Bishop's Book of 1537 do?

Restored sacraments.

What was significant about Henry sanctioning Coverdale's Bible in 1538?

First English Bible translation.

What Protestant act occurred in 1538 that resulted in Thomas Becket's shrine being destroyed?

Attack on worshipping at shrines.

What did the Royal injunctions of 1538 insist?

Insist English Bible in every Church.

What powers were granted to Cromwell when he was made Vice-Regent of the Church in 1538?

Can act on King's behalf in all religious matters.

What did the Six Articles of 1539 reassert?

Reassert practices like transubstantiation and priests could not marry.

What was the religious leaning of the King's Book issued in 1543?

Mainly Catholic emphasis with Lutheran elements.

What did the Act for the Advancement of True Religion (1543) restrict?

Restricted public reading of Bible to upper class males.

What was the purpose of the King's Prayer written by Cranmer which was released in 1545?

Replaces traditional Catholic book.

What did the Chantries Act of 1546 do?

Abolished chantries for praying to dead.

What was a Protestant doctrine change made during Henry VIII's reign by 1547?

Pope has no authority in England.

What Catholic doctrines remained during Henry VIII's reign by 1547?

Transubstantiation & 7 sacraments & confession of sins remain.

Which rule regarding priests was re-imposed in 1540?

Priests couldn't marry was re-imposed in 1540.

How would you describe Henry VIII's religious views from 1517-1527?

Committed Catholic due to upbringing and Wolsey by his side.

What was the primary goal of religious policy from 1535-1538?

Removal of Catholic belief.

What period of history do these flashcards cover?

England during the time of King Henry VIII.

What was Thomas More's opinion on The Church and reasons for resigning?

Thomas More disagreed with drastic reform and believed change should come from within.

What was an action Thomas Cranmer took as Archbishop that defied the Catholic Church?

Declared Henry and Catherine's marriage void.

What was the Reformation Parliament in 1529?

Encouraged to voice anti-clerical views

What are Humanist beliefs?

Thomas More Believed in the importance and uniqueness of man and his potential

King Henry married who and was protestant?

Marriage to Catherine Parr

Who Primarily became richer in monasteries?

The Crown.

Who did Cromwell believe should have no rivals within the state?

The Monarch.

What theses protested Catholic doctrine of indulgences?

Luther's 95 Theses.

Who did King Henry marry that had to be legitimate and the Pope disproved.

Anne Boleyn.

What does The Break of Rome refer too?

England and the Pope were seperated.

What financial reason was it for the Reformation Parliament?

Limited wealth of the Church.

What ultimately happened to the Aragonese Faction?

Executed in 1536.

When did Thomas More resign after Submission of the Clergy'?

1532

In what year did King Henry Pardon the clergy of crimes against him?

1531

Who Led the royal army of 8000 to North, to meet Aske at Doncaster Bridge?

Duke of Norfolk.

What Role did Sir Thomas More play in disagreeing w/ Christian society and land owning elite?

Sir Thomas More, Chancellor 1629-1692 disagreed with Christian society and land owning elite.

What Did Catherine Parr write?

1545 Paruers of Meditations, reworking of a Catholic prayer book for the purposes of the CoE.

What Authority made Pope has no rights as a pastor or teacher in England and exercise or defence of papal authority was punishable by Praemunire?

Act Extinguishing Authority.

What was the Primary Cause of BwR?

Wealth of the Church.

Why did Cromwell suggest of CoE?

Thomas Cromwell believed, monarch has no rivals within it which was not possible with Pope's influence

What benfits did removing monasteries bring?

Financial and Governmental.