APUSH: Unit 2 AMSCO

corporate colonies

Jamestown, operated by join-stock companies

royal colonies

Virginia, under the direct authority and rule of the king's government

proprietary colonies

Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware; under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king

Virginia Company

a joint stock company that founded the first permanent English colony in America at Jamestown 1607

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia 1607

Captain John Smith

led Jamestown to survival

John Rolfe

Jamestown colony leader who showed that tobacco could be grown successfully in Virginia

Pochahontas

Chief Powhatan daughter who married John Rolfe ending the first Powhatan wars; helped develop tobacco to sell to Europe

headright

50 acres of land given to any settler or to anyone who paid for passage for a settler to the colony

Virginia

became England's first royal colony once King James I took over since it almost went bankrupt

The Plymouth Colony

A colony established by the English Pilgrims, or Seperatists, in 1620. The Seperatists were Puritans who abandoned hope that the Anglican Church could be reformed. Plymouth became part of Massachusetts in 1691.

Separtists

wanted to organize a completely separate church that was independent of royal control

Pilgrims

Separtists who became known for their travels

Mayflower

the ship in which the Pilgrim Fathers sailed from England to Massachusetts in 1620

Massachusetts Bay Colony

more moderate than the Plymouth Colony; relied on the blend of commerce and agriculture

Puritans

non separtists, believed that the church of england could be reformed or purified

John Winthrop

founded Boston and led the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Great Migration

religious and political conflict drove 15k settlers to MBC

Cecil Calvert

the son of Lord Baltimore; created a haven for Catholics ( faced persecution from Protestants in Britain

Act of Toleration

the first colonial statute granting religious freedom to all Christians

Protestant Revolt

late 1600s Protestant resentment against Catholics led to brief civil war, Act of Toleration was repealed, Catholics lost their right to vote, Maryland was much like Virginia except it had greater tolerance of religious diversity

Rhode Island

Providence and Portsmouth

Roger Williams

believed that the individual's conscience was beyond the control of any civil or church authority; founded Providence; started one of the first Baptist churches

Providence

founded by Roger Willliams; allowed Catholics,Quakers, and Jews to worship freely; recognized the rights of american indians

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island. She displayed the importance of questioning authority.

Antinomianism

the idea that since individuals receive salvation through faith alone, then they werre not required to follow traditional laws

Conneticut

New Haven and Hartford

Thomas Hooker

led a large group of boston puritans into the valley and founded the colony of hartford in 1636

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

first written constitution in American history; established a representative government chosen by popular vote and a governor chosen by that legislature

John Davenport

started a second settlement South of Hartford in the CT valley in 1637--New Haven

New Hampshire

the last colony to be founded in New England

Halfway Covenant

before Puritan needed to have a conversion experience & conversion "relation" in order to be a full part of the church→ new generations were born in Americas; established Halfway Covenant to allow people to become partial members if they had not felt a conversions

South Carolina

Charlestown; had more good harvests initiatlly economy was based on trading furs and providing food for the West Indies

rice growing plantations

worked by enslaved Africans, resembled the economy and culture of the West Indies

North Carolina

had few good harbors and poor transportation; little reliance on slavery instead used indentured servants

tobacco farms

These were mainly small farms in North Carolina, but larger tobacco plantations were found in other parts of the colonies.

Four colonies between New England and Virginia (middle colonies)

New York, new jersey, pennyslvania, delaware

New YOrk

hostile takeover from the Dutch (Duke of NY (James II) sent troops ; allowed dutch settlers to freedom to worship and speak their own language (used to be New Amsterdam)

James II

Also known as the Duke of York, ordered taxes, duties, and rents w/o the consent of a representative assembly; no assembly in his colony

New Jersey

split off from New York; created east and west NJ; combined into one royal colony to settle property disputes

William Penn

A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.; military and political leader

William Penn (son)

joined a group of christians called the Religious society of Friends (quakers); tried not to cheat the Natives treated them fairly

Quakers

believed that religious authority was fouynd within each person and not in the bible nor in any outside source

Frame of Government

enacted by Penn which guranteed a representative assembly elected by landowners

Charter of Liberties

guaranteeded freedom of worship for all and unrestricted immigratoin

Delaware

Penn granted lower 3 counties of Pennsylvania their own assembly formed separate colonyDelaware

Georgia

In 1732, Georgia was formed to provide a buffer between wealthy Georgia and Spanish controlled Florida, and to provide a place for the many debtors of England to begin again. last and final british colony; did not prosper bc of constant spanish attack

James Oglethorpe

founded savanna; was given royal charter

Problems

communication was slow; Britain was consumed with domestic upheavals and wars with France

House of Burgesses (Virginia)

first legislative assembly in America and precedent for representative government

Mayflower Compact

an early self form of self government and a rudimentary written constitution (will of the majority)

Limits to Colonial Democracy

only white male property owners could vote; females and landless males had little rights; indentured and slaves had none; many colonial gov ruled with autocratic or unlimited powers (only answering to king or who funded them)

Triangular Trade

Trade between New England, West Africa, and West Indies for rum, slaves, and sugarcane

Mercantilism

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought

Navigation Acts

acts that were intended to self-promote English goods by restricted foregin exports and forces English citizens to buy within New England

Dominion of New England

made up of NY, NJ, and other New england colonies put together by King James II, intended to control

Sir Edmund Andros

Governor of Dominion of New England and enforced new tax laws, limiyed town meetings, and revoked land titles

Glorious Revolution 1688

resulted in the overthrowing of King James II; replaced with Willian and mary, resultd in downfall of dominion

New England Confederation (1643)

military alliance Plymouth, Massachusetts, and New Haven; could act on land disputes--> deal with runaway servants, and dealing with Native Amerivans

Metacom's War

Chief of Wampanoag, Metacom, gathered different Indian trbes together to fight against colonziers who intruded on their land; some clans sided with colonists, colonists won

Bacon's Rebellion

1676 - Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness.

Lasting conflcts from bacons rebellion

class differences, conflicts with settlers, and american indians, and colonial resistance to roya congrol

Pueblo Revolt

resulted from harsh programs to covert natives to Christianity; tribes under Pueblo indians came together against spain

Economienda system

Lets Spanish settlers control the natives and establish a social hierarchy with them at the top

indentured servatns

a contract would be signed for servants to wrok for a specific time period in exchange for shelther protection

slavery

A system of enforced servitude in which some people are owned by other people.

middle passage

he stage of the Atlantic slave trade in which millions of enslaved Africans were transported from West Africa to the Americas

salutary neglect

England was lax in enforcing regulations

To enrich the parent country

What was the one purpose for the colonies’s existence?

Sir edmund Andros

sent from England to serve as governor of the Dominion of New England

Sir William Berkely

the royal governor of Virginia; antagonized small farmers bc he could not protect them from Indian attacks