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corporate colonies
Jamestown, operated by join-stock companies
royal colonies
Virginia, under the direct authority and rule of the king's government
proprietary colonies
Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware; under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king
Virginia Company
a joint stock company that founded the first permanent English colony in America at Jamestown 1607
Jamestown
The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia 1607
Captain John Smith
led Jamestown to survival
John Rolfe
Jamestown colony leader who showed that tobacco could be grown successfully in Virginia
Pochahontas
Chief Powhatan daughter who married John Rolfe ending the first Powhatan wars; helped develop tobacco to sell to Europe
headright
50 acres of land given to any settler or to anyone who paid for passage for a settler to the colony
Virginia
became England's first royal colony once King James I took over since it almost went bankrupt
The Plymouth Colony
A colony established by the English Pilgrims, or Seperatists, in 1620. The Seperatists were Puritans who abandoned hope that the Anglican Church could be reformed. Plymouth became part of Massachusetts in 1691.
Separtists
wanted to organize a completely separate church that was independent of royal control
Pilgrims
Separtists who became known for their travels
Mayflower
the ship in which the Pilgrim Fathers sailed from England to Massachusetts in 1620
Massachusetts Bay Colony
more moderate than the Plymouth Colony; relied on the blend of commerce and agriculture
Puritans
non separtists, believed that the church of england could be reformed or purified
John Winthrop
founded Boston and led the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Great Migration
religious and political conflict drove 15k settlers to MBC
Cecil Calvert
the son of Lord Baltimore; created a haven for Catholics ( faced persecution from Protestants in Britain
Act of Toleration
the first colonial statute granting religious freedom to all Christians
Protestant Revolt
late 1600s Protestant resentment against Catholics led to brief civil war, Act of Toleration was repealed, Catholics lost their right to vote, Maryland was much like Virginia except it had greater tolerance of religious diversity
Rhode Island
Providence and Portsmouth
Roger Williams
believed that the individual's conscience was beyond the control of any civil or church authority; founded Providence; started one of the first Baptist churches
Providence
founded by Roger Willliams; allowed Catholics,Quakers, and Jews to worship freely; recognized the rights of american indians
Anne Hutchinson
A Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island. She displayed the importance of questioning authority.
Antinomianism
the idea that since individuals receive salvation through faith alone, then they werre not required to follow traditional laws
Conneticut
New Haven and Hartford
Thomas Hooker
led a large group of boston puritans into the valley and founded the colony of hartford in 1636
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
first written constitution in American history; established a representative government chosen by popular vote and a governor chosen by that legislature
John Davenport
started a second settlement South of Hartford in the CT valley in 1637--New Haven
New Hampshire
the last colony to be founded in New England
Halfway Covenant
before Puritan needed to have a conversion experience & conversion "relation" in order to be a full part of the church→ new generations were born in Americas; established Halfway Covenant to allow people to become partial members if they had not felt a conversions
South Carolina
Charlestown; had more good harvests initiatlly economy was based on trading furs and providing food for the West Indies
rice growing plantations
worked by enslaved Africans, resembled the economy and culture of the West Indies
North Carolina
had few good harbors and poor transportation; little reliance on slavery instead used indentured servants
tobacco farms
These were mainly small farms in North Carolina, but larger tobacco plantations were found in other parts of the colonies.
Four colonies between New England and Virginia (middle colonies)
New York, new jersey, pennyslvania, delaware
New YOrk
hostile takeover from the Dutch (Duke of NY (James II) sent troops ; allowed dutch settlers to freedom to worship and speak their own language (used to be New Amsterdam)
James II
Also known as the Duke of York, ordered taxes, duties, and rents w/o the consent of a representative assembly; no assembly in his colony
New Jersey
split off from New York; created east and west NJ; combined into one royal colony to settle property disputes
William Penn
A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.; military and political leader
William Penn (son)
joined a group of christians called the Religious society of Friends (quakers); tried not to cheat the Natives treated them fairly
Quakers
believed that religious authority was fouynd within each person and not in the bible nor in any outside source
Frame of Government
enacted by Penn which guranteed a representative assembly elected by landowners
Charter of Liberties
guaranteeded freedom of worship for all and unrestricted immigratoin
Delaware
Penn granted lower 3 counties of Pennsylvania their own assembly formed separate colonyDelaware
Georgia
In 1732, Georgia was formed to provide a buffer between wealthy Georgia and Spanish controlled Florida, and to provide a place for the many debtors of England to begin again. last and final british colony; did not prosper bc of constant spanish attack
James Oglethorpe
founded savanna; was given royal charter
Problems
communication was slow; Britain was consumed with domestic upheavals and wars with France
House of Burgesses (Virginia)
first legislative assembly in America and precedent for representative government
Mayflower Compact
an early self form of self government and a rudimentary written constitution (will of the majority)
Limits to Colonial Democracy
only white male property owners could vote; females and landless males had little rights; indentured and slaves had none; many colonial gov ruled with autocratic or unlimited powers (only answering to king or who funded them)
Triangular Trade
Trade between New England, West Africa, and West Indies for rum, slaves, and sugarcane
Mercantilism
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
Navigation Acts
acts that were intended to self-promote English goods by restricted foregin exports and forces English citizens to buy within New England
Dominion of New England
made up of NY, NJ, and other New england colonies put together by King James II, intended to control
Sir Edmund Andros
Governor of Dominion of New England and enforced new tax laws, limiyed town meetings, and revoked land titles
Glorious Revolution 1688
resulted in the overthrowing of King James II; replaced with Willian and mary, resultd in downfall of dominion
New England Confederation (1643)
military alliance Plymouth, Massachusetts, and New Haven; could act on land disputes--> deal with runaway servants, and dealing with Native Amerivans
Metacom's War
Chief of Wampanoag, Metacom, gathered different Indian trbes together to fight against colonziers who intruded on their land; some clans sided with colonists, colonists won
Bacon's Rebellion
1676 - Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness.
Lasting conflcts from bacons rebellion
class differences, conflicts with settlers, and american indians, and colonial resistance to roya congrol
Pueblo Revolt
resulted from harsh programs to covert natives to Christianity; tribes under Pueblo indians came together against spain
Economienda system
Lets Spanish settlers control the natives and establish a social hierarchy with them at the top
indentured servatns
a contract would be signed for servants to wrok for a specific time period in exchange for shelther protection
slavery
A system of enforced servitude in which some people are owned by other people.
middle passage
he stage of the Atlantic slave trade in which millions of enslaved Africans were transported from West Africa to the Americas
salutary neglect
England was lax in enforcing regulations
To enrich the parent country
What was the one purpose for the colonies’s existence?
Sir edmund Andros
sent from England to serve as governor of the Dominion of New England
Sir William Berkely
the royal governor of Virginia; antagonized small farmers bc he could not protect them from Indian attacks