Environmental Engineering 3: Solid Waste Management

Solid Waste

Wastes from human/animal activities, discarded as useless.

Negative Economic Value

Material cheaper to discard than use.

Municipal Solid Waste

Community waste from various sources like residential, commercial; highly heterogeneous

Refuse

Household waste including mixed non-sorted waste and recyclables.

Garbage

Putrescible waste from food preparation/consumption.

Rubbish

Non-putrescible; combustible and non-combustible waste like cans, papers, glass, wood.

Hazardous Waste

Waste exhibiting hazardous characteristics like ignitability, toxicity.

RA 9003

Republic Act defining solid waste and its management.

ICRT

Ignitable, Corrosive, Reactive, Toxic.

DENR

Department of Environment and Natural Resources.

LGCP

Local Government Code of the Philippines.

DAO

Department Administrative Order.

IRR

Implementing Rules and Regulations.

ECC

Environmental Compliance Certificate.

Memorandum Circular

Official communication for waste management guidelines.

Executive Order

Official order for establishing beautification committees.

Proclamation

Official statement defining the scope of Environmental Impact Statement system.

Environmentally Critical Projects

Projects subject to the EIS system for environmental impact assessment

Presidential Decree 1586

Establishes an EIS system, lead agencies, financial sources, and penalties

Executive Order # 432

Ordering the Strict Einforcement of Presidential Decree No. 825 Providing Penalties for Improper Disposal of Garbage and Other Forms of Uncleanliness (October 23, 1990)

Presidential Decree 1160

Vesting Authority in Barangay Captains to Enforce Pollution and Environmental Control Laws and for other Purposes (1977)

Presidential Decree 1151

Philippine Environmental Policy

Presidential Decree 1152

Philippine Environmental Code

Presidential Decree 984

Pollution Control Law

Presidential Decree 856

Sanitation Code of the Philippines

Presidential Decree 825

Providing PEnalty for Improper Disposal of Garbage and Other Forms of Uncleanliness and for Other Purposes (1975)

Presidential Decree 67

Water Code of the Philippines

Presidential Decree 552

The Decree prescribed sanitation requirements for the operation of establishments and facilities catering to the traveling public

Republic Act 3931

Pollution Control Law (1976)

Commonwealth 383

Related to Water Pollution regulations

DAO 2006-10

Guidelines on the Categorized Final Disposal Facilities (Sanitary Landfills)

Solid Waste Management

Discipline controlling waste generation, storage, collection, and disposal

Waste Generation

Involves gathering data on waste sources, nature, and amounts

On-Site Storage

Temporary storage of solid waste before collection

Collection

Regular gathering of waste for disposal

Transfer and Transport

Moving waste from collection points to disposal sites

Processing and Recovery

Recovering usable materials or transforming waste

Disposal

Choosing appropriate waste disposal methods

National SWM Commission

Oversees solid waste management plans and policies under RA 9003

National Ecology Center

under NSWMC; provides consulting, training, and networking services for waste management

Role of DENR

Prepares NSWM reports and provides technical assistance to LGUs

Visitorial Powers

Authority to conduct inspections to ensure compliance

LGUs Role

Local government units' responsibility for implementing waste management

Mandatory Solid Waste Diversion

Requirement for LGUs to divert 25% of solid waste within 5 years; the waste generation shall be increased every three (3) years

Section 21 - Segregation at Source

Essential element mandating waste separation at origin; 3 seperate containers: Compostable, Recyclable and Residuals

Buy-back Center

Recycling facility that purchases recyclable materials

Materials Recovery Facility

shall include solid waste transfer station or sorting station, drop-off center, a composting facility and a recycling facility

Solid Waste Management Facility

System for solid waste collection, processing, and disposal; any system, system or program, or facility for resource conservation

Transfer Stations

shall refer to thos facilities utilizes to receiver solid wastes, temporarily store, separate, convert, or otherwise process that materials in the solid wastes, or to transfer the solid wastes directly from smaller to larger vehicles for transport

Agricultural Waste

Waste from crop planting and harvesting

Bulky Wastes

Large items like furniture not suitable for regular containers; waste materials which cannot be appropriately placed in separate containers

Consumer Electronics

Discarded electronics like radios, stereos, and TV sets

Leachate

Contaminated liquid produce from decomposing waste

Municipal Wastes

waste produced from activities within local government units

Special Wastes

Separately collected hazardous household wastes; paints, thinners, household batteries

White Goods

Large worn-out appliances collected separately for materials recovery; industrial appliances such as stoves, refrigerators, dishwashers; dismantled

Yard Waste

Garden and plant debris recognized by the Commission; chipped branches

Controlled Dump

Disposal site meeting minimum dumpsite operation standards; minimum prescribed standards

Disposal Site

Final site for solid waste discharge and deposition; finally discarged and deposited

Open Dump

Disposal area without environmental considerations; indiscriminately thrown

Sanitary Landfill

Engineered waste disposal site to control environmental impacts; engineering control

Segregation

Sorting materials in waste for recycling and re-use; sorting and segregation

Source Reduction

shall refer to the reduction of solid waste before it enter the solid waste stream

Source Separation

shall refer to the sorting waste of solid waste into some or all of its components parts at the point of generation

Generation

shall refer to the act or process of producing solid waste

Storage

shall refer to the interim containment of waste before recovery or disposal

Composting

systematic decomposition of organic matter by micro-organisms into humus

Open burning

Thermal destruction of waste by direct exposure to fire

Waste diversion

shall refer to the activtires which reduce or eliminate the amount of solid wastes from waste disposal facilities

Recycling

Treating waste for beneficial use or transforming into new products

Resource conservation

reduction of the amount of solid waste that are generated or the reduction of overall resource consumption, and utilization of recovered sources

Resource recovery

collection, extraction or recovery of recyclable materials from the waste

Re-use

Recovering materials for the same or different purpose without alteration

Post-consumer material

shall refer only to those materials or products generated by a business or consumer which have served their intended end use, and which have been separated or diverted from solid waste for the purpose of being collected, processed and used as a raw material in the manufacturing of recycled product, excluding materials and by-products generated from, and commonly used within an original manufacturing process, such as mill scrap

Recovered material

shall refer to material and by-products that have been recovered or diverted from solid waste for the purpose of being collected, processed and used as a raw material in the manufacture of a recycled product

Recycled material

shall refer to post-consumer material that has been recycled and returned to the economy

Recyclable material

shall refer to any waste material retrieved from the waste stream and free from contamination that can still be converted into suitable beneficial use or for other purposes, including, but not limited to, newspaper, ferrous scrap metal, non-ferrous scrap metal, used oil, corrugated cardboard, aluminum, glass, office paper, tin cans and other materials as may be determined by the Commission;

Opportunity to recycle

shall refer to the act of providing a place for collecting source-separated recyclable material, located either at a disposal site or at another location more convenient to the population being served, and collection at least once a month of source-separated recyclable material from collection service customers and to providing a public education and promotion program that gives notice to each person of the opportunity to recycle and encourage source separation of recyclable material;

Ecological solid waste management

shall refer to the systematic administration of activities which provide for segregation at source, segregated transportation, storage, transfer, processing, treatment, and disposal of solid waste and all other waste management activities which do not harm the environment

Environmentally acceptable

shall refer to the quality of being re-usable, biodegradable or compostable, recyclable and not toxic or hazardous to the environment

Environmentally preferable

shall refer to products or services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing products or services that serve the same purpose. This comparison may consider raw materials acquisition, production, manufacturing, packaging, distribution, reuse, operation, maintenance or disposal of the product or service.

Waste generation rate

Amount of waste produced per person per day

Collection efficiency rate

Percentage of domestic solid waste collected

Plastics

Materials like PETE, HDPE, PVC, LDPE, PP, PS, and others

Plastic Codes

Identification codes for different types of plastics

Properties of MSW

Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of municipal solid waste

Arithmetic Mean

Mean particle diameter calculation using individual particle sizes

Geometric Mean

Mean particle diameter calculation using logarithms of particle sizes

Weighted Mean

Mean particle diameter calculation considering particle distribution

RA 9003 Definition of Solid Waste

- Discarded household/commercial waste

- Non-hazardous institutional and industrial waste

- Street sweepings

- Construction debris,

- Agricultural waste

- Other non-hazardous/non-toxic solid waste

RA 9003

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000

RA 9003

solid waste shall not include

- waste identified or listed as hazardous waste

- infectious waste from hospitals

- waste resulting from mining activities, including contaminated soild and debris

Hazardous Waste According to RA 6969

Are substances that are without any safe commercial, industrial, agricultural or economic usage are shipped, transported or brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposal into or in transit through any part of the territory if the Philippines.

Salient Features of RA 9003

- Creation of National Solid Waste Management Commission, National Ecological Center, and LGU Solid Waste Management Boards

- Creation of Multi-Purpose Environment Cooperatives or Associates in every LGU

- Waste segregation, reduction, recycling programs

- Construction of Material Recovery Facilities/Systems

- Conversion of open dumpsites to sanitary landfills

January 26, 2001

Approval of RA 9003

February 16, 2001

Effectivity of RA 9003

August 31, 2001

Submission of the IRR Pre-Final Draft (8th Version) to Congress & Senate

December 4, 2001

Finalization of the 10th version

December 21, 2001

Signing of IRR of RA 9003

February 16, 2004

All Open Dumpsites should have been closed or converted to Controlled Disposal Facilities (Sec. 37)